Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure
Asset Age Ratios (Summary)
Average Age
Estimated Total Useful Life
Estimated Age, Time Elapsed Since Purchase
Estimated Remaining Life

Align Technology Inc., balance sheet: property, plant and equipment

US$ in thousands

	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018
Clinical and manufacturing equipment	583,776)	452,876)	372,077)	309,809)	236,179)
Building	466,003)	310,344)	244,166)	209,643)	139,315)
Leasehold improvements	64,238)	61,289)	63,541)	53,327)	77,168)
Computer software and hardware	120,544)	117,986)	108,068)	100,921)	93,914)
Land	58,885)	58,869)	34,598)	26,422)	17,630)
Furniture, fixtures and other	102,933)	71,977)	50,031)	44,373)	33,436)
Construction in progress	285,202)	367,686)	163,492)	116,751)	95,414)
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,681,581)	1,441,027)	1,035,973)	861,246)	693,056)
Accumulated depreciation and impairment charges	(449,726)	(359,101)	(301,252)	(229,516)	(171,727)
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,231,855)	1,081,926)	734,721)	631,730)	521,329)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).

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Item	Description	The company
Property, plant and equipment, gross	Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.	Align Technology Inc. property, plant and equipment, gross increased from 2020 to 2021 and from 2021 to 2022.
Property, plant and equipment, net	Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.	Align Technology Inc. property, plant and equipment, net increased from 2020 to 2021 and from 2021 to 2022.

Align Technology Inc., asset age ratios

	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018
Average age ratio	27.71%	25.98%	30.08%	27.49%	25.42%
Estimated total useful life (years)	15	15	13	11	12
Estimated age, time elapsed since purchase (years)	4	4	4	3	3
Estimated remaining life (years)	11	11	9	8	9

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Average age ratio	As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient.	Align Technology Inc. average age ratio of depreciable property, plant and equipment improved from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly deteriorated from 2021 to 2022.
Estimated total useful life	Over longer time periods, this ratio is a useful measure of company depreciation policy and can be used for comparisons with competitors.	Align Technology Inc. estimated total useful life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly decreased from 2021 to 2022.
Estimated time elapsed since purchase	The approximate age in years of a company fixed assets. Useful for comparison purposes.	Align Technology Inc. estimated time elapsed since purchase of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2020 to 2021 and from 2021 to 2022.
Estimated remaining life		Align Technology Inc. estimated remaining life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly decreased from 2021 to 2022.

	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Accumulated depreciation and impairment charges	449,726)	359,101)	301,252)	229,516)	171,727)
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,681,581)	1,441,027)	1,035,973)	861,246)	693,056)
Land	58,885)	58,869)	34,598)	26,422)	17,630)
Asset Age Ratio
Average age¹	27.71%	25.98%	30.08%	27.49%	25.42%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).

2022 Calculations

¹ Average age = 100 × Accumulated depreciation and impairment charges ÷ (Property, plant and equipment, gross – Land)
= 100 × 449,726 ÷ (1,681,581 – 58,885) = 27.71%

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Average age	As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient.	Align Technology Inc. average age ratio of depreciable property, plant and equipment improved from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly deteriorated from 2021 to 2022.

	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,681,581)	1,441,027)	1,035,973)	861,246)	693,056)
Land	58,885)	58,869)	34,598)	26,422)	17,630)
Depreciation expense	109,800)	92,100)	80,100)	79,000)	54,700)
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Estimated total useful life¹	15	15	13	11	12

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).

2022 Calculations

¹ Estimated total useful life = (Property, plant and equipment, gross – Land) ÷ Depreciation expense
= (1,681,581 – 58,885) ÷ 109,800 = 15

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Estimated total useful life	Over longer time periods, this ratio is a useful measure of company depreciation policy and can be used for comparisons with competitors.	Align Technology Inc. estimated total useful life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly decreased from 2021 to 2022.

	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Accumulated depreciation and impairment charges	449,726)	359,101)	301,252)	229,516)	171,727)
Depreciation expense	109,800)	92,100)	80,100)	79,000)	54,700)
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Time elapsed since purchase¹	4	4	4	3	3

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).

2022 Calculations

¹ Time elapsed since purchase = Accumulated depreciation and impairment charges ÷ Depreciation expense
= 449,726 ÷ 109,800 = 4

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Estimated time elapsed since purchase	The approximate age in years of a company fixed assets. Useful for comparison purposes.	Align Technology Inc. estimated time elapsed since purchase of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2020 to 2021 and from 2021 to 2022.

	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,231,855)	1,081,926)	734,721)	631,730)	521,329)
Land	58,885)	58,869)	34,598)	26,422)	17,630)
Depreciation expense	109,800)	92,100)	80,100)	79,000)	54,700)
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Estimated remaining life¹	11	11	9	8	9

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).

2022 Calculations

¹ Estimated remaining life = (Property, plant and equipment, net – Land) ÷ Depreciation expense
= (1,231,855 – 58,885) ÷ 109,800 = 11

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Estimated remaining life		Align Technology Inc. estimated remaining life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly decreased from 2021 to 2022.

Align Technology Inc. (NASDAQ:ALGN)

Analysis of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure

Asset Age Ratios (Summary)

Average Age

Estimated Total Useful Life

Estimated Age, Time Elapsed since Purchase

Estimated Remaining Life