Profitability ratios measure the company ability to generate profitable sales from its resources (assets).
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- Income Statement
- Analysis of Solvency Ratios
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Debt to Equity since 2010
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2010
- Price to Sales (P/S) since 2010
- Aggregate Accruals
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Profitability Ratios (Summary)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-03-31).
- Gross Profit Margin
- The gross profit margin demonstrates a consistently high level from March 2015 through March 2020. Starting at 71.43% in March 2015, it experienced a gradual increase, peaking near 76.89% by December 2019 and extending slightly higher to 76.89% by March 2020. While slight fluctuations occurred, the overall trend is one of stable and robust gross profitability, suggesting effective cost control relative to revenue across the periods analyzed.
- Operating Profit Margin
- Operating profit margin data begins from March 2015 at 16.99% and shows considerable improvement over the years. Initially fluctuating between 15.61% and 17.99% in 2015 and 2016, it then sharply increased to a high of 36.89% in December 2019 before dropping to 30.25% in March 2020. This indicates enhanced operating efficiency and profitability over the period, despite some volatility in the final year monitored.
- Net Profit Margin
- Net profit margin shows more variability when compared to gross and operating margins. Although starting from a low base in 2015 with an initial negative margin in December (-1.47%), it improved significantly reaching double-digit positive margins multiple times, such as 16.5% in September 2019. There were intermittent periods of negative net margins (e.g., -1.82% in December 2017), reflecting possible challenges in controlling expenses or other non-operating impacts. The margin ultimately settles at 10.31% by March 2020, illustrating recovery and moderate profitability.
- Return on Equity (ROE)
- The return on equity displays a generally positive but volatile trend. Starting near zero in early periods with some negative readings (e.g., -0.57% in December 2015), ROE steadily rose to a peak of approximately 6.84% in September 2019 before declining to 4.01% by March 2020. This pattern suggests improving shareholder returns over the years with fluctuations that may correspond to shifts in net income and equity levels.
- Return on Assets (ROA)
- Return on assets follows a similar pattern of steady improvement from negative or near zero values in 2015 (-0.24% in December 2015) to a peak near 3.0% in September 2019. It slightly decreased thereafter to 1.81% in March 2020. This trend implies more efficient asset utilization over the time frame, although the slight downturn in early 2020 indicates some degree of recent asset underperformance or increased asset base without proportional profit increase.
Return on Sales
Return on Investment
Gross Profit Margin
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-03-31).
1 Q1 2020 Calculation
Gross profit margin = 100
× (Gross profitQ1 2020
+ Gross profitQ4 2019
+ Gross profitQ3 2019
+ Gross profitQ2 2019)
÷ (RevenuesQ1 2020
+ RevenuesQ4 2019
+ RevenuesQ3 2019
+ RevenuesQ2 2019)
= 100 × ( + + + )
÷ ( + + + )
=
The analysis of the quarterly financial data reveals several notable trends and patterns in key financial metrics over the examined period.
- Gross Profit
- The gross profit figures exhibit cyclical fluctuations within a range generally between approximately 2,300 million and 2,800 million US dollars. From the first quarter of 2015 to the end of 2017, gross profit shows moderate volatility, with a peak around 2,800 million and dips near 2,300 million. In 2018 and 2019, the values tend to stabilize somewhat in the mid-to-high 2,300s to 2,500s range, with a slight upward momentum evident in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019 where figures reach around 2,500 to 2,580 million. The first quarter of 2020 shows a slight reduction compared to the previous quarter but remains consistent with prior quarterly amounts.
- Revenues
- Revenue levels demonstrate a downward trend when comparing the start of the period in early 2015 to the end of the period in early 2020. The highest revenue was observed in the first quarter of 2015 at almost 3,600 million US dollars, followed by a decline to just under 3,200 million in early 2016. Although there is partial recovery in revenues during 2017 and 2018, including a peak of around 3,780 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, the subsequent quarters in 2019 and into 2020 show a renewed decline, with revenues dipping to slightly above 3,100 million by the first quarter of 2020. This indicates revenue volatility and cyclical demand patterns impacting the top line.
- Gross Profit Margin
- The gross profit margin shows a clear improving trend across the available periods. Beginning near 71.4% in early 2015, the margin gradually increases, fluctuating around 68-70% during late 2015 through 2017. From 2018 onward, a consistent upward trajectory is evident, culminating in a margin as high as 76.9% in the first quarter of 2020. This improvement suggests enhanced operational efficiency, cost control measures, or a favorable shift in product/service mix allowing the company to retain a higher proportion of revenue as gross profit despite the fluctuations in revenue and gross profit absolute amounts.
In summary, while revenues and gross profit amounts display some volatility and modest downward retracement over the observed timeframe, the strengthening gross profit margin points to improved profitability per unit of revenue. This trend may reflect successful management strategies in optimizing cost structures or shifting towards higher-margin operations, offsetting some pressure from revenue variability.
Operating Profit Margin
Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | ||||||||
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Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profitability Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit margin1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chevron Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ConocoPhillips | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occidental Petroleum Corp. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-03-31).
1 Q1 2020 Calculation
Operating profit margin = 100
× (Operating incomeQ1 2020
+ Operating incomeQ4 2019
+ Operating incomeQ3 2019
+ Operating incomeQ2 2019)
÷ (RevenuesQ1 2020
+ RevenuesQ4 2019
+ RevenuesQ3 2019
+ RevenuesQ2 2019)
= 100 × ( + + + )
÷ ( + + + )
=
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Operating Income
- The operating income experienced significant fluctuations throughout the analyzed periods. Starting at $1,078 million in Q1 2015, it decreased sharply to a negative $244 million by Q4 2015, indicating a period of operational challenge. Following this downturn, operating income recovered steadily, reaching a peak of $1,515 million in Q4 2018. However, the figure again displayed volatility during 2019 and into Q1 2020, dropping drastically to $43 million. This pattern suggests episodic performance with possible impacts from external or internal factors affecting profitability.
- Revenues
- Revenue trends showed moderate variability without a clear directional trend over the periods. Initiating at $3,597 million in Q1 2015, revenues declined slightly through 2016 and early 2017 but demonstrated some recovery in late 2017 and 2018, peaking at $3,781 million in Q4 2018. Afterward, revenues showed a gradual decrease into 2020, ending at $3,106 million in Q1 2020. The fluctuations were relatively contained compared to operating income, suggesting stable top-line performance with periodic softening.
- Operating Profit Margin
- The operating profit margin was not reported in the initial quarters through Q3 2015 but emerged as a key variable from Q4 2015 onwards. Margins started at 16.99% in Q4 2015 and generally improved through 2016, 2017, and 2018, reaching a high of 32.74% in Q3 2019. Despite some minor dips, the margin remained strong, indicating enhanced operational efficiency or favorable cost management in those years. The margin dropped to 30.25% by Q1 2020, which, although lower than the peak, still reflects a relatively robust profitability ratio.
- Overall Analysis
- The data reveal a complex financial performance characterized by volatility in operating income alongside relatively stable revenues. The improvement in operating profit margins after 2015 suggests effective cost control or improved operational leverage during a period of fluctuating income. The sharp dips in operating income, particularly the negative result in late 2015 and the low figure in early 2020, may warrant further investigation to identify underlying causes. The general resilience in revenue and profit margins highlights a capacity to sustain profitability despite income variability.
Net Profit Margin
Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profitability Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net profit margin1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chevron Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ConocoPhillips | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occidental Petroleum Corp. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-03-31).
1 Q1 2020 Calculation
Net profit margin = 100
× (Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q1 2020
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q4 2019
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q3 2019
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q2 2019)
÷ (RevenuesQ1 2020
+ RevenuesQ4 2019
+ RevenuesQ3 2019
+ RevenuesQ2 2019)
= 100 × ( + + + )
÷ ( + + + )
=
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reflects varying performance trends for the company over the observed periods.
- Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.
- The net income figures demonstrate significant fluctuations across quarters, with instances of profitability interspersed with periods of losses. Initial quarters in 2015 show moderate positive net incomes, which then deteriorate into a substantial loss by the fourth quarter of 2015. Following this, the data displays recovery toward profitability, albeit with continuing volatility including a notable negative spike in the last quarter of 2017. The most recent periods indicate recurring profitability, although with a negative net income reported at the end of the first quarter of 2020. This pattern suggests episodic earnings performance reflecting potential operational or market challenges affecting income stability.
- Revenues
- Revenue trends portray a degree of stability with only moderate fluctuations across the quarters. There is an observable decline in revenues from early 2015 reaching a trough around mid-2016, followed by a partial rebound towards 2018 and 2019. The revenues peak at the fourth quarter of 2018 and then exhibit a downward trend again entering 2020. Despite these variations, the revenue figures generally remain within a consistent range, indicating steadiness in the company's sales volumes or pricing power over the periods analyzed.
- Net Profit Margin
- Net profit margin data, available starting from the first quarter of 2015, show considerable variability consistent with the net income trends. Margins shift from low positive percentages to negative values during periods signifying losses. There is a marked improvement during 2017 and 2019 with margins reaching double-digit percentages, suggesting efficient cost management or improved profitability during these intervals. However, the margins retreat back towards lower single digits or negative territory in other quarters, highlighting the volatility in profitability despite relatively stable revenue streams.
Overall, the financial data suggests the company experiences cyclical earnings performance with revenues displaying moderate steadiness. Profitability varies significantly, impacted by both market conditions and possibly internal factors governing cost structure or operational efficiency.
Return on Equity (ROE)
Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Kinder Morgan, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profitability Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ROE1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ROE, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chevron Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ConocoPhillips | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occidental Petroleum Corp. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-03-31).
1 Q1 2020 Calculation
ROE = 100
× (Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q1 2020
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q4 2019
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q3 2019
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q2 2019)
÷ Total Kinder Morgan, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity
= 100 × ( + + + )
÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveal variable patterns in profitability and equity performance over the observed periods. Net income attributable to the entity exhibits considerable volatility, with positive results frequently interrupted by substantial losses. Notably, a significant negative net income is recorded in the final quarter of 2015 and again in the last quarter of 2017, as well as in the first quarter of 2020, indicating episodic challenges impacting earnings.
Despite these fluctuations, total stockholders’ equity remains relatively stable, showing minor variations that suggest limited impact on the overall equity base from quarterly earnings volatility. Equity values oscillate within a narrow range, with no evident long-term upward or downward trend, implying either consistent capital management or offsetting factors influencing equity levels.
Return on equity (ROE) percentages, available for later periods, reflect a general improvement in profitability efficiency after 2015. Initial reported values are modest and include negative returns in some quarters, notably the last quarter of 2015 and third quarter of 2018. From 2017 onwards, ROE demonstrates a positive and upward trend, peaking in quarters of 2019 with values above 6%, before declining somewhat in early 2020. This pattern suggests enhanced operational performance or financial leverage effectiveness leading to better utilization of shareholders’ equity during most of the recent periods.
In summary, the company’s profitability appears cyclic, with intermittent losses but a general trend towards increased return efficiency on equity capital in recent years. The steadiness of stockholders’ equity despite these earnings fluctuations points to effective capital stability management. The decline in ROE and the notable loss in early 2020 may warrant further investigation into underlying operational or market conditions affecting company performance during that period.
Return on Assets (ROA)
Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profitability Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ROA1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ROA, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chevron Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ConocoPhillips | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occidental Petroleum Corp. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-03-31).
1 Q1 2020 Calculation
ROA = 100
× (Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q1 2020
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q4 2019
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q3 2019
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc.Q2 2019)
÷ Total assets
= 100 × ( + + + )
÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Kinder Morgan, Inc. (US$ in millions)
- The net income figures display considerable volatility over the periods observed. Starting with a positive net income of 429 million USD at the end of Q1 2015, there is a notable decline in Q4 2015, where the company reports a substantial loss of 695 million USD. This pattern of fluctuations continues with alternating gains and losses through to 2020. Some quarters such as Q1 2018 and Q4 2017 also reflect significant losses (-1006 million USD and -141 million USD respectively). The general trend suggests episodic profitability interspersed with occasional substantial losses. Toward the later quarters, particularly from 2017 to early 2020, net income returns mostly to positive territory with moderate growth, yet a notable decline occurs again in Q1 2020 with a loss of 306 million USD.
- Total Assets (US$ in millions)
- Total assets display a gradual and steady decline over the period. Beginning at approximately 86,164 million USD in Q1 2015, total assets slightly decrease to about 73,530 million USD by Q1 2020. This steady contraction suggests continuous asset reductions or disposals, potentially reflecting strategic business decisions or effects from market conditions. The decline is relatively smooth without abrupt drops, indicating a controlled manner of managing asset base.
- Return on Assets (ROA, %)
- ROA values are available starting from Q1 2016 and show a varied but generally positive trend with exceptions in several quarters. Initially, ROA is modest (0.3% in Q1 2016) and dips below zero in Q4 2016 (-0.24%) and Q3 2018 (-0.32%), correlating with some of the net income losses observed. From 2017 onward, ROA improves significantly, reaching peaks of 2.04% in Q1 2019 and up to 3% in Q3 2019, indicating more efficient use of assets to generate earnings. However, there is a slight decline afterward, with ROA falling to 1.81% in Q1 2020 coinciding with the net income loss reported in the same period.