Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Analysis of Debt

• Total Debt (Carrying Amount)
• Total Debt (Fair Value)
• Weighted-average Interest Rate on Debt

Analysis of Geographic Areas

Microsoft Corp. operates in 2 regions: United States and Other countries.

• Area Asset Turnover
• Revenue
• Long-lived assets

Analysis of Revenues

• Revenues as Reported

Common-Size Income Statement
Quarterly Data

Income statement components (revenues and expenses) shown as percentage of total sales.

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Measures the income of Microsoft Corp. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the income of Microsoft Corp. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin

An approach to decomposing Microsoft Corp. return on equity, return on assets, and net profit margin ratio as the product of other financial ratios.

• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Three-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Five-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Four-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Disaggregation of Net Profit Margin

Common Stock Valuation Ratios

Relative valuation technique determine the value of Microsoft Corp. by comparing it to similar entities (like industry or sector) on the basis of several relative ratios that compare its stock price to relevant variables that affect the stock value, such as earnings, book value, and sales.

• Current Valuation Ratios
• Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
• Price to Earnings (P/E)
• Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
• Price to Sales (P/S)
• Price to Book Value (P/BV)

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios

Measures how efficiently Microsoft Corp. generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover (including Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset)
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover

Balance Sheet: Assets
Quarterly Data

The assets reports major classes and amounts of resources owned or controlled by Microsoft Corp..

Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

To calculate EBITDA analysts start with net earnings. To that earnings number, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are added. EBITDA as a pre-interest number is a flow to all providers of capital.

• Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Current
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Historical

Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios

Evaluates revenues and output generated by the Microsoft Corp. assets. Operating performance ratios describe the relationship between the Microsoft Corp. level of operations and the assets needed to sustain operating activities.

• Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Inventory Turnover
• Receivables Turnover
• Payables Turnover
• Working Capital Turnover
• Average Inventory Processing Period
• Average Receivable Collection Period
• Operating Cycle
• Average Payables Payment Period
• Cash Conversion Cycle