Constellation Brands Inc., FCFF calculation

US$ in thousands

12 months ended:	Feb 28, 2022	Feb 28, 2021	Feb 29, 2020	Feb 28, 2019	Feb 28, 2018	Feb 28, 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to CBI	(40,400)	1,998,000)	(11,800)	3,435,900)	2,318,900)	1,535,100)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	41,400)	33,800)	33,200)	23,200)	11,900)	4,100)
Net noncash charges	2,890,000)	626,400)	2,613,400)	(975,300)	(71,200)	190,700)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from purchase and sale of business	(185,600)	148,300)	(83,700)	(237,500)	(328,200)	(33,900)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,705,400)	2,806,500)	2,551,100)	2,246,300)	1,931,400)	1,696,000)
Interest, net of interest capitalized, net of tax¹	1,106)	334,382)	354,631)	271,208)	320,589)	220,794)
Capitalized interest costs, net of tax²	76)	25,169)	29,388)	19,289)	17,313)	—)
Purchase of property, plant, and equipment	(1,026,800)	(864,600)	(726,500)	(886,300)	(1,057,600)	(907,400)
Free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)	1,679,781)	2,301,450)	2,208,619)	1,650,497)	1,211,702)	1,009,394)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-02-28).

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Operating Activities Cash Flow: The net cash provided by operating activities showed a consistent upward trend from 2017 to 2021. Starting at approximately $1.7 billion in 2017, it increased annually, reaching a peak of about $2.8 billion in 2021. However, in 2022, a slight decrease occurred, with operating cash flow falling to approximately $2.7 billion. This suggests generally improving operational cash generation capacity over the period, despite a minor decline in the most recent year.
Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF): Free cash flow to the firm also exhibited growth from 2017 through 2021, beginning at roughly $1.0 billion and increasing to around $2.3 billion by 2021. Unlike operating cash flow, FCFF experienced a more pronounced decline in 2022, dropping to an estimated $1.68 billion. This indicates that while the overall cash generation from operations was relatively stable, the free cash available after investment activities diminished somewhat in the latest year.
Overall Trends and Insights: Both operating cash flow and FCFF demonstrated steady growth over the five-year span leading to 2021, reflecting improving operational efficiency and cash profitability. The decline in 2022 for both metrics, particularly more substantial in FCFF, could be indicative of increased capital expenditures, changes in working capital, or other investing activities impacting free cash flow. Despite this decline, cash flows remain significantly higher than at the beginning of the period, signifying robust cash generation capability overall.

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Constellation Brands Inc., interest paid, net of tax calculation

US$ in thousands

12 months ended:	Feb 28, 2022	Feb 28, 2021	Feb 29, 2020	Feb 28, 2019	Feb 28, 2018	Feb 28, 2017
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
EITR¹	99.70%	20.10%	21.00%	16.50%	0.50%	26.50%
Interest Paid, Net of Tax
Interest, net of interest capitalized, before tax	368,500)	418,500)	448,900)	324,800)	322,200)	300,400)
Less: Interest, net of interest capitalized, tax²	367,395)	84,119)	94,269)	53,592)	1,611)	79,606)
Interest, net of interest capitalized, net of tax	1,106)	334,382)	354,631)	271,208)	320,589)	220,794)
Interest Costs Capitalized, Net of Tax
Capitalized interest costs, before tax	25,300)	31,500)	37,200)	23,100)	17,400)	—)
Less: Capitalized interest costs, tax³	25,224)	6,332)	7,812)	3,812)	87)	—)
Capitalized interest costs, net of tax	76)	25,169)	29,388)	19,289)	17,313)	—)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-02-28).

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² 2022 Calculation
Interest, net of interest capitalized, tax = Interest, net of interest capitalized × EITR
= 368,500 × 99.70% = 367,395

³ 2022 Calculation
Capitalized interest costs, tax = Capitalized interest costs × EITR
= 25,300 × 99.70% = 25,224

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR): The effective income tax rate exhibits significant variability throughout the period analyzed. Starting at 26.5% in 2017, it dropped sharply to 0.5% in 2018, indicating a substantial reduction in tax expenses or tax credits applied during that year. It then increased to 16.5% in 2019, followed by a gradual rise to 21% in 2020 and a slight decrease to 20.1% in 2021. Notably, there is a dramatic spike to 99.7% in 2022, which may suggest an extraordinary tax event, adjustment, or accounting anomaly during that fiscal year.
Interest, Net of Interest Capitalized, Net of Tax: The net interest expense shows a generally upward trend from 2017 through 2021. It begins at approximately $220.8 million in 2017, increases significantly to around $320.6 million in 2018, slightly declines to $271.2 million in 2019, and then rises again with a peak of approximately $354.6 million in 2020. A slight decrease to $334.4 million is noted in 2021. However, in 2022, this figure plummets drastically to about $1.1 million, representing an anomalous reduction that likely reflects a change in financing structure, interest rates, or accounting methods.
Capitalized Interest Costs, Net of Tax: Capitalized interest costs, which were not reported in 2017, appear starting in 2018 at approximately $17.3 million. These expenses progressively increased to about $19.3 million in 2019 and further to roughly $29.4 million in 2020. In 2021, capitalized interest costs decline to approximately $25.2 million and then fall steeply to $76 thousand in 2022. This pattern suggests an initial growth in capital expenditure activities financed through borrowing, followed by decreased capitalization or reduced qualifying projects in the latest year.

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Constellation Brands Inc., current EV/FCFF calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Enterprise value (EV)	49,045,081)
Free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)	1,679,781)
Valuation Ratio
EV/FCFF	29.20
Benchmarks
EV/FCFF, Competitors¹
Coca-Cola Co.	55.15
Mondelēz International Inc.	27.66
PepsiCo Inc.	25.07
Philip Morris International Inc.	26.93
EV/FCFF, Sector
Food, Beverage & Tobacco	32.24
EV/FCFF, Industry
Consumer Staples	41.12

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-02-28).

¹ Click competitor name to see calculations.

If the company EV/FCFF is lower then the EV/FCFF of benchmark then company is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if the company EV/FCFF is higher then the EV/FCFF of benchmark then company is relatively overvalued.

Constellation Brands Inc., historical EV/FCFF calculation, comparison to benchmarks

	Feb 28, 2022	Feb 28, 2021	Feb 29, 2020	Feb 28, 2019	Feb 28, 2018	Feb 28, 2017
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Enterprise value (EV)¹	58,379,762)	56,550,645)	41,954,208)	53,510,359)	53,800,019)	42,376,898)
Free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)²	1,679,781)	2,301,450)	2,208,619)	1,650,497)	1,211,702)	1,009,394)
Valuation Ratio
EV/FCFF³	34.75	24.57	19.00	32.42	44.40	41.98
Benchmarks
EV/FCFF, Competitors⁴
Coca-Cola Co.	27.95	25.28	26.04	—	—	—
Mondelēz International Inc.	34.05	31.98	30.11	—	—	—
PepsiCo Inc.	40.39	33.08	30.09	—	—	—
Philip Morris International Inc.	19.53	16.35	16.31	—	—	—
EV/FCFF, Sector
Food, Beverage & Tobacco	28.47	24.71	24.26	—	—	—
EV/FCFF, Industry
Consumer Staples	30.41	20.99	23.37	—	—	—

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-02-28).

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² See details »

³ 2022 Calculation
EV/FCFF = EV ÷ FCFF
= 58,379,762 ÷ 1,679,781 = 34.75

⁴ Click competitor name to see calculations.

The analysis of the financial data over the six-year period reveals several notable trends and shifts in key financial metrics.

Enterprise Value (EV): The enterprise value demonstrates significant fluctuations. Starting at approximately 42.38 billion US dollars in early 2017, it increases markedly to over 53.8 billion in 2018. It remains relatively stable in 2019 but then declines sharply to about 41.95 billion in 2020. Subsequently, the enterprise value rebounds strongly, reaching 56.55 billion in 2021 and further rising to approximately 58.38 billion by early 2022. This pattern suggests periods of both contraction and expansion, with the most notable dip occurring in 2020, likely influenced by external economic factors.
Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF): Free cash flow to the firm presents a generally upward trajectory from 2017 to 2021. The value increases steadily from just over 1 billion in 2017 to a peak of about 2.3 billion in 2021. However, there is a decline in the final year, falling to approximately 1.68 billion in 2022. Despite the decrease in 2022, the overall trend over the period indicates growing cash generation capacity, albeit with some volatility in the most recent year.
EV to FCFF Ratio: The ratio of enterprise value to free cash flow shows a downward trend from 41.98 in 2017 to a low of 19 in 2020, indicating improved valuation relative to cash flow during this period. The decline suggests that the enterprise value became more efficient compared to the cash flow generated up to 2020. After this trough, the ratio rises again to 24.57 in 2021 and further to 34.75 in 2022. This increase may reflect the rise in enterprise value outpacing the free cash flow growth in the latter years, particularly in 2022.

In summary, the data indicates a volatile enterprise value with a significant fall and recovery phase, a mostly increasing free cash flow with a recent decline, and a valuation metric that generally improved until 2020 before reversing direction. These dynamics highlight the interplay between market valuation and operational cash generation over the analyzed timeframe.

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Constellation Brands Inc. (NYSE:STZ)

Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)

Free Cash Flow to The Firm (FCFF)

Interest Paid, Net of Tax

Enterprise Value to FCFF Ratio, Current

Enterprise Value to FCFF Ratio, Historical