Economic Value Added (EVA)
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Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Devon Energy Corp. pages available for free this week:
- Balance Sheet: Assets
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Analysis of Profitability Ratios
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Net Profit Margin since 2005
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Return on Assets (ROA) since 2005
- Debt to Equity since 2005
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Economic Profit
Devon Energy Corp., economic profit calculation
US$ in millions
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2022 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- The NOPAT exhibited significant fluctuations over the observed period. Starting at 1250 million US dollars in 2018, it sharply decreased to 57 million in 2019 and further declined into negative territory reaching -2522 million in 2020. A strong recovery followed with NOPAT rising to 3160 million in 2021 and reaching a peak of 7447 million in 2022. This pattern indicates a volatile profitability trend with a notable turnaround in the final two years.
- Cost of Capital
- The cost of capital showed a generally increasing trend throughout the time frame. It began at 20.68% in 2018, decreased slightly to 19.11% in 2019, but then consistently increased each subsequent year, reaching 24.95% by 2022. The upward trend in the cost of capital suggests growing expectations of return by investors or higher risk perceptions associated with the company's capital structure or market environment.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital experienced a decline from 15392 million US dollars in 2018 to a low of 7866 million in 2020. However, it rebounded sharply in the following years, rising to 16727 million in 2021 and further to 19717 million in 2022. This indicates a reduced asset base or capital deployment initially, followed by considerable reinvestment or expansion in the later periods.
- Economic Profit
- Economic profit remained negative for the majority of the analyzed years. Starting at -1933 million US dollars in 2018, it worsened slightly to -2038 million in 2019, and further deteriorated to -4242 million in 2020. Subsequently, economic profit improved markedly in 2021, registering -880 million, and turned positive in 2022, achieving 2527 million. This suggests that the company was value-destructive for several years before successfully generating value in the last year, aligning with the strong NOPAT improvement and increased invested capital.
- Summary of Financial Trends
- The data reveals a period of financial stress and loss in 2019 and 2020, characterized by negative profitability and economic profit, as well as declining invested capital. In contrast, 2021 and 2022 show a robust recovery phase, with substantial improvements in NOPAT and economic profit, coupled with growth in invested capital. The rising cost of capital across the period implies increasing capital costs that the company had to overcome to achieve positive economic profit. Overall, the company's financial performance demonstrates significant volatility with a pronounced recovery and value creation in the most recent years.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Devon Energy Corp., NOPAT calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring liabilities.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net earnings (loss) attributable to Devon.
5 2022 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
6 2022 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest based on debt outstanding = Adjusted interest based on debt outstanding × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net earnings (loss) attributable to Devon.
8 2022 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
10 Elimination of discontinued operations.
The financial performance over the observed periods demonstrates significant volatility in net earnings attributable to Devon. Starting with a robust net earnings figure of $3,064 million at the end of 2018, the company experienced a notable decline into negative territory in 2019 and 2020, with losses reaching $355 million and $2,680 million, respectively. This indicates a period of financial distress or unfavorable operational conditions during these years. However, there is a strong recovery commencing in 2021, with net earnings rebounding to $2,813 million, and further strengthening in 2022 to $6,015 million, which surpasses the pre-decline level.
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) follows a similar pattern, confirming trends in operational efficiency and profitability. In 2018, NOPAT was $1,250 million, followed by a sharp decline in 2019 to $57 million, and a substantial loss of $2,522 million in 2020. The turnaround is evident in 2021, with NOPAT increasing to $3,160 million and continuing growth in 2022 to $7,447 million, indicating improved operational management and a return to profitability with even greater margins than initially observed.
- Trend Summary
- The period from 2018 to 2020 is characterized by a significant downturn in both net earnings and NOPAT, reflecting operational or market challenges.
- The years 2021 and 2022 mark a strong recovery, culminating in the highest profitability levels within the dataset.
- The recovery phase shows not only a restoration to prior earnings levels but also an enhancement, suggesting enhanced operational performance and/or favorable market conditions.
Cash Operating Taxes
Devon Energy Corp., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
The analysis of the data over the period from 2018 to 2022 reveals notable volatility in both income tax expense (benefit) and cash operating taxes.
- Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
- There is a significant fluctuation observed across the years. Starting at an expense of $156 million in 2018, the figure turned to a tax benefit of $30 million in 2019, and this benefit further increased substantially to $547 million in 2020. However, in 2021, the amount reverted to a tax expense of $65 million, followed by a sharp rise to $1738 million in 2022. The pattern indicates a high degree of variability with a strong upward spike in the latest year, suggesting considerable changes in taxable income, tax planning, or adjustments in tax legislation or assessments.
- Cash Operating Taxes
- Cash operating taxes also exhibit considerable variability. Beginning with a negative value of $4 million in 2018, which can indicate a tax refund or credit, the amount increased to $43 million in 2019. Then, a substantial negative amount of $167 million is reported in 2020, again implying a possible tax benefit or refund. The figure shifted to a positive $97 million in 2021 and rose sharply to $629 million in 2022. This variability and the marked increase in 2022 align with the trend in income tax expense, pointing towards a considerable increase in tax payments in the latest year after periods of tax benefits in prior years.
Overall, both measures demonstrate considerable instability, with the most notable changes occurring in 2020, when large tax benefits were recorded, and in 2022, when there was a substantial increase in tax expenses and cash taxes paid. These fluctuations may reflect changing profitability, tax strategies, or external factors affecting taxation.
Invested Capital
Devon Energy Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of restructuring liabilities.
5 Addition of equity equivalents to stockholders’ equity attributable to Devon.
6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
- Total Reported Debt & Leases
- The total reported debt and leases decreased significantly from 6,285 million USD at the end of 2018 to 4,555 million USD in 2019, remaining relatively stable into 2020 at 4,553 million USD. However, in 2021, this figure rose markedly to 6,760 million USD and then showed a slight decrease to 6,718 million USD in 2022. This indicates a period of debt reduction followed by an increase, suggesting a possible strategic increase in leverage or financing activities starting in 2021.
- Stockholders’ Equity Attributable to Devon
- Stockholders’ equity attributable to the company exhibited a downward trend from 9,186 million USD at the end of 2018 to a low of 2,885 million USD in 2020. This was followed by a strong recovery in the subsequent years, with equity rising to 9,262 million USD in 2021 and further increasing to 11,167 million USD by the end of 2022. This pattern reflects significant fluctuations in the company’s net worth over the period, with a notable rebound post-2020.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital decreased from 15,392 million USD at the end of 2018 down to 7,866 million USD in 2020, mirroring the declines seen in debt and equity during this period. From 2021 onwards, invested capital experienced substantial growth, rising sharply to 16,727 million USD and then continuing upward to 19,717 million USD in 2022. This trend suggests an expansion in the company’s asset base and funding sources during the last two years examined.
Cost of Capital
Devon Energy Corp., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt and finance lease liabilities3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt and finance lease liabilities. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt and finance lease liabilities3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt and finance lease liabilities. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt and finance lease liabilities3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt and finance lease liabilities. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt and finance lease liabilities3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt and finance lease liabilities. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt and finance lease liabilities3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt and finance lease liabilities. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Devon Energy Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
| Occidental Petroleum Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2022 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Economic Profit
- The economic profit demonstrates a fluctuating trend over the five-year period. Starting with a negative value of -1933 million USD in 2018, it slightly worsened to -2038 million USD in 2019. The decline steepened significantly in 2020, reaching a low of -4242 million USD. However, the economic profit improved sharply in 2021, reducing the loss to -880 million USD, before turning positive in 2022 at 2527 million USD. This indicates a recovery and shift toward profitability in the most recent year.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital shows variability but an overall increasing trend. It decreased from 15392 million USD in 2018 to 10964 million USD in 2019, and further to 7866 million USD in 2020. Subsequently, it rose substantially to 16727 million USD in 2021 and continued increasing to 19717 million USD in 2022. This suggests a possible scaling back of investment or asset base initially, followed by a renewed expansion in recent years.
- Economic Spread Ratio
- The economic spread ratio mirrors the pattern of economic profit, reflecting changes in the return relative to capital costs. It was negative and declining sharply from -12.56% in 2018 to -18.59% in 2019, and then drastically dropped to -53.93% in 2020. The ratio improved markedly in 2021 to -5.26%, and finally turned positive at 12.82% in 2022. This improvement indicates enhanced efficiency in generating returns above cost of capital during the latter period.
Economic Profit Margin
Devon Energy Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Revenues | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
| Occidental Petroleum Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2022 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals a notable volatility in economic profit and related metrics over the five-year period under review. Initially, economic profit was negative and declining, reaching its lowest point in 2020 at -4242 million US dollars. However, there is a marked improvement in 2021 with the economic loss considerably reduced to -880 million US dollars, followed by a positive economic profit of 2527 million US dollars in 2022, suggesting a substantial turnaround in profitability.
Revenues exhibit a fluctuating but generally upward trend. After a significant drop from 10734 million US dollars in 2018 to 6220 million in 2019, revenues continued to decline in 2020 to 4828 million. From 2021 onwards, there is a strong recovery with revenues increasing sharply to 12206 million and further to 19169 million in 2022, indicating a robust growth phase.
The economic profit margin percentages reflect similar volatility. Negative margins are observed from 2018 through 2021, with a particularly steep decline in 2020 to -87.87%, which corresponds with the lowest economic profit and revenues. The margin improves significantly in 2022 becoming positive at 13.18%, aligning with the economic profit turning positive and revenues reaching their highest level in the dataset.
- Summary of Trends
- - Economic profit shows a strong recovery from substantial losses in the first four years to a positive figure in the final year, indicating improved operational efficiency or cost management.
- - Revenues decreased sharply in 2019 and 2020 but then increased significantly in the last two years, suggesting a rebound in business activity or market conditions.
- - Economic profit margin mirrors the economic profit trend, with deep negative margins reaching a nadir in 2020 and reversing to a positive margin in 2022.
- - The data suggests a challenging period culminating in 2020, followed by a recovery phase and improved financial performance in 2021 and 2022.