Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

UnitedHealth Group Inc. (NYSE:UNH)

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Analysis of Income Taxes

Microsoft Excel

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Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

UnitedHealth Group Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Federal
State and local
Foreign
Current provision
Deferred provision (benefit)
Provision for income taxes

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Current provision Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations. UnitedHealth Group Inc. current provision increased from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly decreased from 2022 to 2023.
Deferred provision (benefit) Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations. UnitedHealth Group Inc. deferred provision (benefit) decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.
Provision for income taxes Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. UnitedHealth Group Inc. provision for income taxes increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

UnitedHealth Group Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
U.S. federal statutory tax rate
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
Share-based awards, excess tax benefit
Non-deductible compensation
Health insurance tax
Foreign rate differential
Other, net
Effective income tax rate

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Effective income tax rate Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

UnitedHealth Group Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Accrued expenses and allowances
U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards
Share-based compensation
Nondeductible liabilities
Non-U.S. tax loss carryforwards
Lease liability
Net unrealized losses on investments
Other, domestic
Other, non-U.S.
Deferred income tax assets, before valuation allowances
Valuation allowances
Deferred income tax assets
U.S. federal and state intangible assets
Non-U.S. goodwill and intangible assets
Capitalized software
Depreciation and amortization
Prepaid expenses
Outside basis in partnerships
Lease right-of-use asset
Net unrealized gains on investments
Other, non-U.S.
Deferred income tax liabilities
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Deferred income tax assets, before valuation allowances Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. UnitedHealth Group Inc. deferred income tax assets, before valuation allowances increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Deferred income tax assets Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. UnitedHealth Group Inc. deferred income tax assets increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting. UnitedHealth Group Inc. net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) increased from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly decreased from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

UnitedHealth Group Inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Deferred income tax liabilities

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Deferred income tax liabilities Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. UnitedHealth Group Inc. deferred income tax liabilities decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

UnitedHealth Group Inc., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Adjustment to Total Liabilities
Total liabilities (as reported)
Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
Total liabilities (adjusted)
Adjustment to Shareholders’ Equity Attributable To UnitedHealth Group
Shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group (as reported)
Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group (adjusted)
Adjustment to Net Earnings Attributable To UnitedHealth Group Common Shareholders
Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders (as reported)
Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

UnitedHealth Group Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

UnitedHealth Group Inc., adjusted financial ratios

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Net Profit Margin
Reported net profit margin
Adjusted net profit margin
Financial Leverage
Reported financial leverage
Adjusted financial leverage
Return on Equity (ROE)
Reported ROE
Adjusted ROE
Return on Assets (ROA)
Reported ROA
Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Financial ratio Description The company
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly decreased from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted ROE improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

UnitedHealth Group Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
Revenues, customers
Profitability Ratio
Net profit margin1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
Revenues, customers
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted net profit margin2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 Net profit margin = 100 × Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Revenues, customers
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Revenues, customers
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
Solvency Ratio
Financial leverage1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total assets
Adjusted shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
Solvency Ratio
Adjusted financial leverage2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Adjusted shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
= ÷ =

Solvency ratio Description The company
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly decreased from 2022 to 2023.

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
Shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
Profitability Ratio
ROE1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
Adjusted shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROE2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 ROE = 100 × Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Adjusted shareholders’ equity attributable to UnitedHealth Group
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted ROE improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023.

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
Total assets
Profitability Ratio
ROA1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
Total assets
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROA2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 ROA = 100 × Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. UnitedHealth Group Inc. adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.