Financial Reporting Quality: Aggregate Accruals
Earnings can be decomposed into cash and accrual components. The accrual component (aggregate accruals) has been found to have less persistence than the cash component, and therefore (1) earnings with higher accrual component are less persistent than earnings with smaller accrual component, all else equal; and (2) the cash component of earnings should receive a higher weighting evaluating company performance.
Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
Walmart Inc., balance sheet computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in millions
| Jan 31, 2025 | Jan 31, 2024 | Jan 31, 2023 | Jan 31, 2022 | Jan 31, 2021 | Jan 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Assets | |||||||
| Total assets | 260,823) | 252,399) | 243,197) | 244,860) | 252,496) | 236,495) | |
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | 9,037) | 9,867) | 8,625) | 14,760) | 17,741) | 9,465) | |
| Operating assets | 251,786) | 242,532) | 234,572) | 230,100) | 234,755) | 227,030) | |
| Operating Liabilities | |||||||
| Total liabilities | 163,131) | 161,828) | 159,206) | 152,969) | 164,965) | 154,943) | |
| Less: Short-term borrowings | 3,068) | 878) | 372) | 410) | 224) | 575) | |
| Less: Long-term debt due within one year | 2,598) | 3,447) | 4,191) | 2,803) | 3,115) | 5,362) | |
| Less: Finance lease obligations due within one year | 800) | 725) | 567) | 511) | 491) | 511) | |
| Less: Long-term debt, excluding due within one year | 33,401) | 36,132) | 34,649) | 34,864) | 41,194) | 43,714) | |
| Less: Long-term finance lease obligations, excluding due within one year | 5,923) | 5,709) | 4,843) | 4,243) | 3,847) | 4,307) | |
| Operating liabilities | 117,341) | 114,937) | 114,584) | 110,138) | 116,094) | 100,474) | |
| Net operating assets1 | 134,445) | 127,595) | 119,988) | 119,962) | 118,661) | 126,556) | |
| Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals2 | 6,850) | 7,607) | 26) | 1,301) | (7,895) | —) | |
| Financial Ratio | |||||||
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio3 | 5.23% | 6.15% | 0.02% | 1.09% | -6.44% | — | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Costco Wholesale Corp. | — | 11.49% | -0.39% | 20.71% | 5.32% | 2.31% | |
| Target Corp. | 0.70% | 2.06% | 19.69% | 10.33% | -10.90% | — | |
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Sector | |||||||
| Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail | 0.00% | 6.12% | 2.78% | 4.30% | -5.94% | — | |
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Consumer Staples | 0.00% | 1.15% | 2.58% | 7.61% | -0.13% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-01-31).
1 2025 Calculation
Net operating assets = Operating assets – Operating liabilities
= 251,786 – 117,341 = 134,445
2 2025 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals = Net operating assets2025 – Net operating assets2024
= 134,445 – 127,595 = 6,850
3 2025 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio = 100 × Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × 6,850 ÷ [(134,445 + 127,595) ÷ 2] = 5.23%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the balance-sheet-based accruals ratio, Walmart Inc. improved earnings quality from 2024 to 2025. |
Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio
Walmart Inc., cash flow statement computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in millions
| Jan 31, 2025 | Jan 31, 2024 | Jan 31, 2023 | Jan 31, 2022 | Jan 31, 2021 | Jan 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart | 19,436) | 15,511) | 11,680) | 13,673) | 13,510) | 14,881) | |
| Less: Net cash provided by operating activities | 36,443) | 35,726) | 28,841) | 24,181) | 36,074) | 25,255) | |
| Less: Net cash used in investing activities | (21,379) | (21,287) | (17,722) | (6,015) | (10,071) | (9,128) | |
| Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals | 4,372) | 1,072) | 561) | (4,493) | (12,493) | (1,246) | |
| Financial Ratio | |||||||
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio1 | 3.34% | 0.87% | 0.47% | -3.77% | -10.19% | — | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Competitors2 | |||||||
| Costco Wholesale Corp. | — | 2.33% | 1.10% | 14.69% | -2.96% | -7.15% | |
| Target Corp. | -1.62% | 1.09% | 18.64% | 7.52% | -18.12% | — | |
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Sector | |||||||
| Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail | 0.00% | 1.06% | 3.13% | -0.42% | -10.54% | — | |
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Consumer Staples | 0.00% | -0.17% | 2.27% | 4.81% | -4.89% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-01-31).
1 2025 Calculation
Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio = 100 × Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × 4,372 ÷ [(134,445 + 127,595) ÷ 2] = 3.34%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio, Walmart Inc. deteriorated earnings quality from 2024 to 2025. |