Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).

Current Valuation Ratios
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Price to Sales (P/S)
Price to Book Value (P/BV)

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., current price multiples

	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc.		Costco Wholesale Corp.	Target Corp.	Walmart Inc.		Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail		Consumer Staples
Selected Financial Data
Current share price (P)
No. shares of common stock outstanding
Growth rate (g)

Earnings per share (EPS)
Next year expected EPS
Operating profit per share
Sales per share
Book value per share (BVPS)
Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Price to earnings (P/E)
Price to next year expected earnings
Price-earnings-growth (PEG)
Price to operating profit (P/OP)
Price to sales (P/S)
Price to book value (P/BV)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-08-31).

If the company price multiple is lower then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if the company price multiple is higher then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively overvalued.

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., historical price multiples

		Aug 31, 2019	Aug 31, 2018	Aug 31, 2017	Aug 31, 2016	Aug 31, 2015	Aug 31, 2014
	Price to earnings (P/E)
	Price to operating profit (P/OP)
	Price to sales (P/S)
	Price to book value (P/BV)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-08-31).

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Valuation ratio	Description	The company
P/E ratio	The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/E ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
P/OP ratio	Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/OP ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
P/S ratio	An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/S ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
P/BV ratio	The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/BV ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 but then decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019.

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., historical P/E calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Aug 31, 2019	Aug 31, 2018	Aug 31, 2017	Aug 31, 2016	Aug 31, 2015	Aug 31, 2014
	No. shares of common stock outstanding¹
	Selected Financial Data (US$)
	Net earnings attributable to Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. (in millions)
	Earnings per share (EPS)²
	Share price^1, 3
	Valuation Ratio
	P/E ratio⁴
	Benchmarks
	P/E Ratio, Competitors⁵
	Costco Wholesale Corp.
	Target Corp.
	Walmart Inc.
	P/E Ratio, Sector
	Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail
	P/E Ratio, Industry
	Consumer Staples

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-08-31).

¹ Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.

² 2019 Calculation
EPS = Net earnings attributable to Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =

³ Closing price as at the filing date of Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. Annual Report.

⁴ 2019 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =

⁵ Click competitor name to see calculations.

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Valuation ratio	Description	The company
P/E ratio	The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/E ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., historical P/OP calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Aug 31, 2019	Aug 31, 2018	Aug 31, 2017	Aug 31, 2016	Aug 31, 2015	Aug 31, 2014
	No. shares of common stock outstanding¹
	Selected Financial Data (US$)
	Operating income (in millions)
	Operating profit per share²
	Share price^1, 3
	Valuation Ratio
	P/OP ratio⁴
	Benchmarks
	P/OP Ratio, Competitors⁵
	Costco Wholesale Corp.
	Target Corp.
	Walmart Inc.
	P/OP Ratio, Sector
	Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail
	P/OP Ratio, Industry
	Consumer Staples

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-08-31).

¹ Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.

² 2019 Calculation
Operating profit per share = Operating income ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =

³ Closing price as at the filing date of Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. Annual Report.

⁴ 2019 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =

⁵ Click competitor name to see calculations.

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Valuation ratio	Description	The company
P/OP ratio	Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/OP ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., historical P/S calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Aug 31, 2019	Aug 31, 2018	Aug 31, 2017	Aug 31, 2016	Aug 31, 2015	Aug 31, 2014
	No. shares of common stock outstanding¹
	Selected Financial Data (US$)
	Sales (in millions)
	Sales per share²
	Share price^1, 3
	Valuation Ratio
	P/S ratio⁴
	Benchmarks
	P/S Ratio, Competitors⁵
	Costco Wholesale Corp.
	Target Corp.
	Walmart Inc.
	P/S Ratio, Sector
	Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail
	P/S Ratio, Industry
	Consumer Staples

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-08-31).

¹ Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.

² 2019 Calculation
Sales per share = Sales ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =

³ Closing price as at the filing date of Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. Annual Report.

⁴ 2019 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =

⁵ Click competitor name to see calculations.

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Valuation ratio	Description	The company
P/S ratio	An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/S ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., historical P/BV calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Aug 31, 2019	Aug 31, 2018	Aug 31, 2017	Aug 31, 2016	Aug 31, 2015	Aug 31, 2014
	No. shares of common stock outstanding¹
	Selected Financial Data (US$)
	Total Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. shareholders’ equity (in millions)
	Book value per share (BVPS)²
	Share price^1, 3
	Valuation Ratio
	P/BV ratio⁴
	Benchmarks
	P/BV Ratio, Competitors⁵
	Costco Wholesale Corp.
	Target Corp.
	Walmart Inc.
	P/BV Ratio, Sector
	Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail
	P/BV Ratio, Industry
	Consumer Staples

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-08-31).

¹ Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.

² 2019 Calculation
BVPS = Total Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. shareholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =

³ Closing price as at the filing date of Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. Annual Report.

⁴ 2019 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =

⁵ Click competitor name to see calculations.

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Valuation ratio	Description	The company
P/BV ratio	The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return.	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. P/BV ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 but then decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019.

	Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality
Stock Price Trends

	All companies
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality
Stock Price Trends

Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. (NASDAQ:WBA)

Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)

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Current Valuation Ratios

Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)

Price to Earnings (P/E)

Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)

Price to Sales (P/S)

Price to Book Value (P/BV)