Common-Size Income Statement
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- Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Operating Profit Margin since 2013
- Current Ratio since 2013
- Total Asset Turnover since 2013
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2013
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) since 2013
- Analysis of Debt
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Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
- Gross Profit Trends
- Gross profit as a percentage of revenues decreased gradually from 35.21% in 2018 to a low of 33.45% in 2021, before recovering to 34.89% in 2022. This indicates a modest tightening in the cost of revenues over the initial years, followed by some improvement in profitability at the gross margin level in the most recent year.
- Cost Structure
- The cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, showed a slight increase from -64.79% in 2018 to -66.55% in 2021, with a subsequent decrease to -65.11% in 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses steadily declined over the years from -16.48% in 2018 to around -14.37% in 2022. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased consistently, from -10.96% in 2018 to -7.84% in 2022, indicating possibly reduced capital expenditure or improved asset management. Restructuring costs remained minimal and relatively stable, fluctuating slightly but staying below -0.7% of revenues throughout.
- Operating Income
- Income from operations as a percentage of revenues initially hovered around 7% (7.12% in 2018 to 7.01% in 2019), declined to 6.44% in 2020, then increased significantly to 10.04% in 2021 and further to 12.48% in 2022. This notable improvement in operating profitability aligns with the reductions in selling, general, and administrative expenses, as well as depreciation and amortization costs, reflecting enhanced operational efficiency.
- Interest and Other Income/Expense
- Interest income remained low and stable around 0.04% to 0.09% of revenues. Interest expense showed a declining trend from -3.98% in 2018 to a low of -2.7% in 2021, slightly increasing to -2.89% in 2022. Loss on extinguishment of debt was negligible, appearing only in some years and disappearing in 2022. Other income/(expense), net, varied over the period, showing positive contributions in 2019, 2020, and 2021 but turning negative again in 2022 at -0.23% of revenues.
- Pre-Tax and Net Income
- Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates improved substantially from roughly 3.15% in 2018 to 9.46% in 2022, with a marked jump after 2020. Income tax expense showed fluctuations but an overall increase in tax burden, from -0.57% in 2018 to -1.8% in 2022. Correspondingly, net income increased from 2.73% in 2018 to 7.57% in 2022, highlighting a strong profitability improvement. The net income attributable to the company followed the same pattern, growing from 2.49% in 2018 to 7.57% in 2022.
- Equity Earnings and Minority Interests
- Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates showed inconsistent minor contributions, oscillating between positive and negative small percentages, with no clear trend. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests was slightly negative for most years, except for limited data beyond 2021.
- Summary
- The data illustrates an overall enhancement in profitability metrics over the period analyzed. Despite initial dips in gross and operating margins, the company improved operational efficiency, reduced depreciation and selling expenses, and strengthened operating income margins notably in the last two years. Interest costs decreased, supporting income growth, although tax expenses rose. The consistent and marked increase in net income margin signals effective management strategies and potential improvements in cost control and revenue quality.