Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Current Valuation Ratios
Air Products & Chemicals Inc., current price multiples
| Air Products & Chemicals Inc. | Linde plc | Materials | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||
| Current share price (P) | $275.75 | ||||
| No. shares of common stock outstanding | 221,364,660 | ||||
| Growth rate (g) | 7.17% | ||||
| Earnings per share (EPS) | $8.52 | ||||
| Next year expected EPS | $9.13 | ||||
| Operating profit per share | $10.11 | ||||
| Sales per share | $40.01 | ||||
| Book value per share (BVPS) | $54.57 | ||||
| Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples) | |||||
| Price to earnings (P/E) | 32.35 | 34.95 | 90.18 | ||
| Price to next year expected earnings | 30.19 | 33.90 | 89.62 | ||
| Price-earnings-growth (PEG) | 4.51 | 11.24 | 144.87 | ||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | 27.28 | 27.00 | 48.54 | ||
| Price to sales (P/S) | 6.89 | 6.60 | 6.75 | ||
| Price to book value (P/BV) | 5.05 | 5.46 | 4.86 | ||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
If the company price multiple is lower then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if the company price multiple is higher then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively overvalued.
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Air Products & Chemicals Inc., historical price multiples
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30).
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/E ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/OP ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/S ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/BV ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Air Products & Chemicals Inc., historical P/E calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | Sep 30, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 221,026,592 | 220,433,925 | 219,533,532 | 218,618,346 | 217,375,097 | 215,426,569 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||
| Net income attributable to Air Products (in thousands) | 1,886,700) | 1,760,000) | 1,497,800) | 3,000,400) | 631,100) | 1,277,900) | |
| Earnings per share (EPS)2 | 8.54 | 7.98 | 6.82 | 13.72 | 2.90 | 5.93 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 270.36 | 234.40 | 157.56 | 161.18 | 139.74 | 139.47 | |
| Valuation Ratio | |||||||
| P/E ratio4 | 31.67 | 29.36 | 23.09 | 11.74 | 48.13 | 23.51 | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| P/E Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||
| Linde plc | 52.57 | 46.22 | — | — | — | — | |
| P/E Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Materials | 57.89 | 60.30 | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2020 Calculation
EPS = Net income attributable to Air Products ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 1,886,700,000 ÷ 221,026,592 = 8.54
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Annual Report.
4 2020 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= 270.36 ÷ 8.54 = 31.67
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/E ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Air Products & Chemicals Inc., historical P/OP calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | Sep 30, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 221,026,592 | 220,433,925 | 219,533,532 | 218,618,346 | 217,375,097 | 215,426,569 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||
| Operating income (in thousands) | 2,237,600) | 2,144,400) | 1,965,600) | 1,427,600) | 2,106,000) | 1,699,100) | |
| Operating profit per share2 | 10.12 | 9.73 | 8.95 | 6.53 | 9.69 | 7.89 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 270.36 | 234.40 | 157.56 | 161.18 | 139.74 | 139.47 | |
| Valuation Ratio | |||||||
| P/OP ratio4 | 26.71 | 24.10 | 17.60 | 24.68 | 14.42 | 17.68 | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||
| Linde plc | 39.58 | 36.01 | — | — | — | — | |
| P/OP Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Materials | 31.16 | 30.66 | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2020 Calculation
Operating profit per share = Operating income ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 2,237,600,000 ÷ 221,026,592 = 10.12
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Annual Report.
4 2020 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= 270.36 ÷ 10.12 = 26.71
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/OP ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
Air Products & Chemicals Inc., historical P/S calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | Sep 30, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 221,026,592 | 220,433,925 | 219,533,532 | 218,618,346 | 217,375,097 | 215,426,569 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||
| Sales (in thousands) | 8,856,300) | 8,918,900) | 8,930,200) | 8,187,600) | 9,524,400) | 9,894,900) | |
| Sales per share2 | 40.07 | 40.46 | 40.68 | 37.45 | 43.82 | 45.93 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 270.36 | 234.40 | 157.56 | 161.18 | 139.74 | 139.47 | |
| Valuation Ratio | |||||||
| P/S ratio4 | 6.75 | 5.79 | 3.87 | 4.30 | 3.19 | 3.04 | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| P/S Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||
| Linde plc | 4.83 | 3.74 | — | — | — | — | |
| P/S Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Materials | 4.33 | 2.89 | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2020 Calculation
Sales per share = Sales ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 8,856,300,000 ÷ 221,026,592 = 40.07
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Annual Report.
4 2020 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= 270.36 ÷ 40.07 = 6.75
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/S ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Air Products & Chemicals Inc., historical P/BV calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | Sep 30, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 221,026,592 | 220,433,925 | 219,533,532 | 218,618,346 | 217,375,097 | 215,426,569 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||
| Total Air Products shareholders’ equity (in thousands) | 12,079,800) | 11,053,600) | 10,857,500) | 10,086,200) | 7,079,600) | 7,249,000) | |
| Book value per share (BVPS)2 | 54.65 | 50.14 | 49.46 | 46.14 | 32.57 | 33.65 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 270.36 | 234.40 | 157.56 | 161.18 | 139.74 | 139.47 | |
| Valuation Ratio | |||||||
| P/BV ratio4 | 4.95 | 4.67 | 3.19 | 3.49 | 4.29 | 4.14 | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||
| Linde plc | 2.78 | 2.15 | — | — | — | — | |
| P/BV Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Materials | 3.12 | 2.11 | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2020 Calculation
BVPS = Total Air Products shareholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 12,079,800,000 ÷ 221,026,592 = 54.65
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Annual Report.
4 2020 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= 270.36 ÷ 54.65 = 4.95
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Air Products & Chemicals Inc. P/BV ratio increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |