Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Texas Pacific Land Corp. pages available for free this week:
- Statement of Comprehensive Income
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets
- Analysis of Solvency Ratios
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Net Profit Margin since 2005
- Operating Profit Margin since 2005
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Return on Assets (ROA) since 2005
- Debt to Equity since 2005
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Economic Profit
Texas Pacific Land Corp., economic profit calculation
US$ in thousands
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2023 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
The period under review demonstrates fluctuating financial performance as measured by economic profit. Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) experienced volatility, while the cost of capital remained consistent. Invested capital increased substantially over the five-year period, influencing the overall economic profit calculation.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- NOPAT decreased significantly from 2019 to 2020, falling from US$348,876 thousand to US$182,624 thousand. A recovery was observed in 2021, with NOPAT reaching US$267,856 thousand, followed by a substantial increase to US$444,863 thousand in 2022. However, NOPAT declined again in 2023 to US$389,641 thousand, though remaining above the 2020 and 2021 levels.
- Cost of Capital
- The cost of capital remained stable at 21.61% throughout the entire period, indicating a consistent required rate of return for invested capital.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital exhibited a consistent upward trend. Starting at US$575,173 thousand in 2019, it increased to US$555,694 thousand in 2020, then rose significantly to US$718,143 thousand in 2021. This growth continued, reaching US$840,706 thousand in 2022 and culminating in US$1,117,290 thousand in 2023. The substantial increase in invested capital suggests expansion or increased investment in assets.
- Economic Profit
- Economic profit mirrored the fluctuations in NOPAT, though moderated by the consistent cost of capital and increasing invested capital. It began at US$224,632 thousand in 2019, decreased sharply to US$62,557 thousand in 2020, and then increased to US$112,679 thousand in 2021. The largest increase occurred between 2021 and 2022, with economic profit reaching US$263,192 thousand. A decline was then observed in 2023, with economic profit falling to US$148,196 thousand, despite the continued growth in invested capital. This suggests that while absolute profit remained substantial, the return on the increased investment decreased.
Overall, the period was characterized by significant volatility in NOPAT and a consistent increase in invested capital. While economic profit generally increased over the period, the decline in 2023 warrants further investigation to determine the underlying causes and potential implications for future performance.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Texas Pacific Land Corp., NOPAT calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for expected credit loss.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in unearned revenue.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.
5 2023 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
6 2023 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.
8 2023 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
The financial data reveals fluctuations in profitability figures over the five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Both net income and net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) demonstrate notable variations that suggest changes in operational performance and earnings capacity.
- Net Income (US$ in thousands)
- Net income initially decreased substantially from 318,728 in 2019 to 176,049 in 2020, indicating a significant dip in profitability. However, this was followed by a recovery in 2021, where net income rose to 269,980. The upward trend continued more strongly in 2022, reaching a peak of 446,362. In 2023, net income slightly declined to 405,645 but remained well above the levels observed in 2019 through 2021, signifying overall growth in earnings over the period.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) (US$ in thousands)
- NOPAT exhibited a similar trend to net income. It fell from 348,876 in 2019 to 182,624 in 2020, paralleling the decrease in net income and reflecting weaker operational profitability in that year. Subsequently, NOPAT rebounded to 267,856 in 2021 before surging to a high of 444,863 in 2022. In 2023, it decreased to 389,641, maintaining a level significantly above the early years of the data set. This pattern suggests that the operating efficiency and after-tax profitability improved notably after 2020, despite the slight decline in the most recent year.
In summary, the data highlight a pronounced downturn in 2020 followed by a strong recovery through 2022, with a modest decline in 2023. Both net income and NOPAT exhibit consistent directions, indicating that the changes in reported earnings are underpinned by changes in core operational performance rather than extraordinary items. The sustained improvement after 2020 suggests a positive shift in business conditions or management effectiveness that strengthened profitability during this period.
Cash Operating Taxes
Texas Pacific Land Corp., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
The data reveals significant fluctuations in both income tax expense and cash operating taxes over the five-year period from 2019 to 2023.
- Income Tax Expense
- There is a notable decrease in income tax expense from 83,527 thousand US dollars in 2019 to 43,613 thousand in 2020, reflecting nearly a 48% decline. This is followed by a sharp increase to 93,037 thousand in 2021, which exceeds the 2019 level. The upward trend continues with income tax expense rising to 122,493 thousand in 2022, marking the highest value in the five-year span. In 2023, there is a moderate decline to 111,916 thousand, although this still represents a substantially higher level compared to the earlier years under review.
- Cash Operating Taxes
- Cash operating taxes show a different pattern. Initially, there is a slight decrease from 57,519 thousand in 2019 to 46,023 thousand in 2020. Subsequently, there is a significant increase to 93,269 thousand in 2021, closely paralleling the rise in income tax expense that year. The upward trajectory continues with a peak of 119,954 thousand in 2022. In 2023, cash operating taxes decline to 104,525 thousand but remain substantially elevated compared to the first two years, indicating sustained higher tax-related cash outflows in recent years.
Overall, both income tax expense and cash operating taxes exhibit a considerable dip in 2020, potentially indicative of changes in profitability or tax strategies during that period. From 2021 onwards, there is a marked upward trend resulting in significantly higher tax expenses and cash taxes through 2022, followed by slight decreases in 2023. This dynamic suggests variability in taxable income levels or tax planning outcomes that impacted the company’s tax liabilities and cash payments over these years.
Invested Capital
Texas Pacific Land Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of unearned revenue.
5 Addition of equity equivalents to total equity.
6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
The financial data reveals significant trends in the company's capital structure and financing over the five-year period ending in 2023.
- Total reported debt & leases
- This metric shows a consistent decline from 2019 through 2023, decreasing from $3.367 million to $2.024 million. The decline is visible except for a slight increase in 2022 compared to 2021. Overall, the downward trend suggests the company has been reducing its reliance on debt and lease obligations over the observed period.
- Total equity
- Total equity experienced fluctuations initially, dropping from $512.1 million in 2019 to $485.2 million in 2020, but subsequently rose sharply. From 2020 onwards, equity increased markedly, reaching $1.043 billion by 2023. This upward trajectory indicates notable growth in the shareholders’ stake and possibly retained earnings or new equity infusions.
- Invested capital
- Invested capital follows a similar pattern to total equity but at a higher absolute level. It declined slightly from $575.2 million in 2019 to $555.7 million in 2020, then increased significantly in subsequent years, culminating in $1.117 billion in 2023. This increase signifies expanding investment in business assets funded through a combination of equity and debt, with the debt portion being relatively reduced.
In summary, the financial data points to a strategic reduction in debt exposure while equity and total invested capital have grown substantially. This may reflect a strengthening of the company’s financial position, with increased capitalization and potentially improved asset base, positioning it for future growth or stability.
Cost of Capital
Texas Pacific Land Corp., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Economic Spread Ratio
Texas Pacific Land Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2023 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The economic spread ratio exhibited considerable fluctuation between 2019 and 2023. Initial values were strong, followed by a period of decline, a subsequent recovery, and then another decrease. This pattern suggests a dynamic relationship between profitability and capital employed.
- Economic Spread Ratio
- In 2019, the economic spread ratio stood at 39.05%. This represents a substantial margin, indicating a strong ability to generate returns above the cost of capital. A significant decrease was observed in 2020, with the ratio falling to 11.26%, suggesting a diminished capacity to exceed the cost of capital. The ratio partially recovered in 2021, reaching 15.69%, but experienced a substantial increase in 2022, climbing to 31.31%. This indicates improved profitability relative to invested capital. However, the ratio declined again in 2023, settling at 13.26%, representing a return to levels closer to those seen in 2020.
The economic spread ratio’s movement appears correlated with changes in economic profit. While invested capital generally increased over the period, the economic spread ratio’s fluctuations suggest that the efficiency with which capital was utilized varied considerably from year to year. The peak in 2022 coincided with the highest economic profit, while the lower ratios in 2020 and 2023 corresponded with lower economic profit figures.
- Invested Capital & Economic Profit Relationship
- Invested capital increased consistently from 2019 to 2023, rising from US$575,173 thousand to US$1,117,290 thousand. Economic profit, however, did not follow a consistent upward trend. It decreased substantially in 2020, recovered in 2021 and peaked in 2022, before declining in 2023. This divergence between invested capital and economic profit is reflected in the fluctuating economic spread ratio, highlighting the importance of not only the amount of capital employed but also its effective utilization.
The observed volatility in the economic spread ratio warrants further investigation to understand the underlying drivers of profitability and capital efficiency. Factors influencing commodity prices, operational performance, and capital allocation strategies likely contribute to these fluctuations.
Economic Profit Margin
Texas Pacific Land Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Revenues | ||||||
| Add: Increase (decrease) in unearned revenue | ||||||
| Adjusted revenues | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2023 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The economic profit margin exhibited considerable fluctuation between 2019 and 2023. Initial values were strong, followed by a period of volatility, and then a stabilization at a level below the initial peak. Economic profit itself also demonstrated similar variability, influencing the observed margin trends.
- Economic Profit Margin Trend
- In 2019, the economic profit margin stood at 45.43%. This represents the highest margin observed throughout the analyzed period. A substantial decrease was recorded in 2020, with the margin falling to 20.09%. The margin partially recovered in 2021, reaching 25.09%, before experiencing a significant increase to 39.32% in 2022. Finally, the margin decreased again in 2023, settling at 23.27%.
- Relationship to Adjusted Revenues
- The economic profit margin’s fluctuations appear to be linked to changes in adjusted revenues. While revenues decreased significantly from 2019 to 2020, the economic profit margin also experienced a substantial decline. The subsequent revenue increase in 2021 and particularly in 2022 correlated with improvements in the economic profit margin. However, the decrease in adjusted revenues in 2023 did not result in a proportional decrease in the economic profit margin, suggesting other factors influenced profitability.
- Economic Profit Influence
- Economic profit itself decreased from US$224,632 thousand in 2019 to US$62,557 thousand in 2020, mirroring the decline in the economic profit margin. It then increased to US$112,679 thousand in 2021 and peaked at US$263,192 thousand in 2022, coinciding with the highest margin. A decrease to US$148,196 thousand was observed in 2023, aligning with the margin’s downward trend. The relationship between economic profit and the economic profit margin is direct, as the margin is calculated using economic profit as a numerator.
Overall, the period demonstrates a sensitivity of the economic profit margin to both economic profit and adjusted revenues. The substantial changes observed suggest potential volatility in the underlying business operations or external economic factors impacting revenue generation and profitability.