Economic Value Added (EVA)
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Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Texas Pacific Land Corp. pages available for free this week:
- Statement of Comprehensive Income
- Analysis of Solvency Ratios
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Analysis of Reportable Segments
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Current Ratio since 2005
- Price to Earnings (P/E) since 2005
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Economic Profit
Texas Pacific Land Corp., economic profit calculation
US$ in thousands
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2023 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
The period under review demonstrates fluctuating financial performance as measured by economic profit. Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) experienced volatility, while the cost of capital remained relatively stable. Invested capital consistently increased throughout the period, impacting the overall economic profit calculation.
- NOPAT Trend
- NOPAT decreased significantly from 2019 to 2020, falling from US$348,876 thousand to US$182,624 thousand. A recovery was observed in 2021, with NOPAT reaching US$267,856 thousand, followed by a substantial increase to US$444,863 thousand in 2022. However, NOPAT declined again in 2023 to US$389,641 thousand, though remaining above the 2020 and 2021 levels.
- Cost of Capital
- The cost of capital remained consistent at 25.24% for 2019, 2020, and 2021. A slight increase to 25.25% was noted in 2022 and 2023, indicating a minimal change in the required rate of return on invested capital.
- Invested Capital Trend
- Invested capital exhibited a consistent upward trend throughout the period. Starting at US$575,173 thousand in 2019, it increased to US$555,694 thousand in 2020, then rose to US$718,143 thousand in 2021. Further increases were observed in 2022 (US$840,706 thousand) and 2023 (US$1,117,290 thousand), demonstrating a significant expansion of capital employed.
- Economic Profit Trend
- Economic profit mirrored the fluctuations in NOPAT, though moderated by the stable cost of capital and increasing invested capital. It began at US$203,726 thousand in 2019, declining sharply to US$42,352 thousand in 2020. Economic profit recovered to US$86,566 thousand in 2021 and peaked at US$232,621 thousand in 2022. A decrease was then recorded in 2023, with economic profit settling at US$107,567 thousand. Despite the 2023 decline, the economic profit remained substantially higher than the 2020 level.
The increasing invested capital base, coupled with the fluctuating NOPAT, suggests a dynamic relationship between capital deployment and profitability. While the cost of capital remained stable, the variations in NOPAT significantly influenced the resulting economic profit.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Texas Pacific Land Corp., NOPAT calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for expected credit loss.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in unearned revenue.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.
5 2023 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
6 2023 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.
8 2023 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
The financial data reveals fluctuations in profitability figures over the five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Both net income and net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) demonstrate notable variations that suggest changes in operational performance and earnings capacity.
- Net Income (US$ in thousands)
- Net income initially decreased substantially from 318,728 in 2019 to 176,049 in 2020, indicating a significant dip in profitability. However, this was followed by a recovery in 2021, where net income rose to 269,980. The upward trend continued more strongly in 2022, reaching a peak of 446,362. In 2023, net income slightly declined to 405,645 but remained well above the levels observed in 2019 through 2021, signifying overall growth in earnings over the period.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) (US$ in thousands)
- NOPAT exhibited a similar trend to net income. It fell from 348,876 in 2019 to 182,624 in 2020, paralleling the decrease in net income and reflecting weaker operational profitability in that year. Subsequently, NOPAT rebounded to 267,856 in 2021 before surging to a high of 444,863 in 2022. In 2023, it decreased to 389,641, maintaining a level significantly above the early years of the data set. This pattern suggests that the operating efficiency and after-tax profitability improved notably after 2020, despite the slight decline in the most recent year.
In summary, the data highlight a pronounced downturn in 2020 followed by a strong recovery through 2022, with a modest decline in 2023. Both net income and NOPAT exhibit consistent directions, indicating that the changes in reported earnings are underpinned by changes in core operational performance rather than extraordinary items. The sustained improvement after 2020 suggests a positive shift in business conditions or management effectiveness that strengthened profitability during this period.
Cash Operating Taxes
Texas Pacific Land Corp., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
The data reveals significant fluctuations in both income tax expense and cash operating taxes over the five-year period from 2019 to 2023.
- Income Tax Expense
- There is a notable decrease in income tax expense from 83,527 thousand US dollars in 2019 to 43,613 thousand in 2020, reflecting nearly a 48% decline. This is followed by a sharp increase to 93,037 thousand in 2021, which exceeds the 2019 level. The upward trend continues with income tax expense rising to 122,493 thousand in 2022, marking the highest value in the five-year span. In 2023, there is a moderate decline to 111,916 thousand, although this still represents a substantially higher level compared to the earlier years under review.
- Cash Operating Taxes
- Cash operating taxes show a different pattern. Initially, there is a slight decrease from 57,519 thousand in 2019 to 46,023 thousand in 2020. Subsequently, there is a significant increase to 93,269 thousand in 2021, closely paralleling the rise in income tax expense that year. The upward trajectory continues with a peak of 119,954 thousand in 2022. In 2023, cash operating taxes decline to 104,525 thousand but remain substantially elevated compared to the first two years, indicating sustained higher tax-related cash outflows in recent years.
Overall, both income tax expense and cash operating taxes exhibit a considerable dip in 2020, potentially indicative of changes in profitability or tax strategies during that period. From 2021 onwards, there is a marked upward trend resulting in significantly higher tax expenses and cash taxes through 2022, followed by slight decreases in 2023. This dynamic suggests variability in taxable income levels or tax planning outcomes that impacted the company’s tax liabilities and cash payments over these years.
Invested Capital
Texas Pacific Land Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of unearned revenue.
5 Addition of equity equivalents to total equity.
6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
The financial data reveals significant trends in the company's capital structure and financing over the five-year period ending in 2023.
- Total reported debt & leases
- This metric shows a consistent decline from 2019 through 2023, decreasing from $3.367 million to $2.024 million. The decline is visible except for a slight increase in 2022 compared to 2021. Overall, the downward trend suggests the company has been reducing its reliance on debt and lease obligations over the observed period.
- Total equity
- Total equity experienced fluctuations initially, dropping from $512.1 million in 2019 to $485.2 million in 2020, but subsequently rose sharply. From 2020 onwards, equity increased markedly, reaching $1.043 billion by 2023. This upward trajectory indicates notable growth in the shareholders’ stake and possibly retained earnings or new equity infusions.
- Invested capital
- Invested capital follows a similar pattern to total equity but at a higher absolute level. It declined slightly from $575.2 million in 2019 to $555.7 million in 2020, then increased significantly in subsequent years, culminating in $1.117 billion in 2023. This increase signifies expanding investment in business assets funded through a combination of equity and debt, with the debt portion being relatively reduced.
In summary, the financial data points to a strategic reduction in debt exposure while equity and total invested capital have grown substantially. This may reflect a strengthening of the company’s financial position, with increased capitalization and potentially improved asset base, positioning it for future growth or stability.
Cost of Capital
Texas Pacific Land Corp., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Economic Spread Ratio
Texas Pacific Land Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2023 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The economic spread ratio exhibited considerable fluctuation between 2019 and 2023. Initial values were strong, followed by a period of decline, then recovery, and a subsequent decrease. Economic profit demonstrated a similar pattern of volatility, while invested capital generally increased throughout the period.
- Economic Spread Ratio
- The economic spread ratio began at 35.42% in 2019, indicating a substantial spread between the company’s return on invested capital and its cost of capital. A significant decrease was observed in 2020, with the ratio falling to 7.62%. This suggests a narrowing of the margin between returns and capital costs. The ratio partially recovered in 2021, reaching 12.05%, but experienced a substantial increase in 2022 to 27.67%. This represents a return towards levels seen in 2019. However, in 2023, the ratio declined again to 9.63%, indicating a weakening of the economic spread.
- Economic Profit
- Economic profit started at US$203,726 thousand in 2019. It decreased substantially to US$42,352 thousand in 2020, mirroring the decline in the economic spread ratio. A recovery was seen in 2021, with economic profit rising to US$86,566 thousand. The largest value was recorded in 2022 at US$232,621 thousand, coinciding with the peak in the economic spread ratio. In 2023, economic profit decreased to US$107,567 thousand, consistent with the lower economic spread ratio.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital showed a generally increasing trend throughout the period. Starting at US$575,173 thousand in 2019, it decreased slightly to US$555,694 thousand in 2020. Subsequent years saw consistent growth, reaching US$718,143 thousand in 2021, US$840,706 thousand in 2022, and US$1,117,290 thousand in 2023. This increase in invested capital occurred alongside fluctuations in economic profit and the economic spread ratio, suggesting that increased investment did not consistently translate into improved economic returns.
The interplay between these metrics suggests a dynamic relationship between capital deployment, profitability, and the economic spread. While invested capital consistently grew, the ability to generate economic profit and maintain a strong economic spread varied considerably year to year.
Economic Profit Margin
Texas Pacific Land Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Revenues | ||||||
| Add: Increase (decrease) in unearned revenue | ||||||
| Adjusted revenues | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2023 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The economic profit margin exhibited considerable fluctuation between 2019 and 2023. Initial values were strong, followed by a period of volatility, and then a moderation towards the end of the analyzed period.
- Economic Profit Margin Trend
- In 2019, the economic profit margin stood at 41.20%. This represents a high level of economic profit generated per dollar of adjusted revenue. A substantial decline was observed in 2020, with the margin falling to 13.60%, indicating a significant decrease in profitability relative to revenue. The margin partially recovered in 2021, reaching 19.28%, but remained below the 2019 level. A notable increase occurred in 2022, with the margin rising to 34.75%, suggesting improved economic performance. However, this improvement was not sustained, as the margin decreased to 16.89% in 2023.
The economic profit margin’s movement appears correlated with changes in adjusted revenues and economic profit. The largest margin decline coincided with the largest revenue decline in 2020. While revenues recovered in 2021 and significantly increased in 2022, the economic profit did not increase proportionally, resulting in a more moderate margin increase in 2021 and a substantial margin increase in 2022. The decrease in margin in 2023 occurred despite a slight decrease in adjusted revenues, suggesting a more significant reduction in economic profit.
- Economic Profit and Margin Relationship
- The economic profit margin is directly influenced by the relationship between economic profit and adjusted revenues. While economic profit increased from 2019 to 2022, the rate of increase was not consistent. The largest percentage increase in economic profit margin occurred in 2022, coinciding with the largest percentage increase in adjusted revenues. The decline in economic profit margin in 2023, despite a relatively small decrease in adjusted revenues, indicates that the cost of capital or other factors impacting economic profit increased disproportionately.
Overall, the economic profit margin demonstrates a pattern of instability over the five-year period. While periods of strong performance were observed, the fluctuations suggest potential sensitivity to revenue changes and underlying economic profit drivers.