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Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Economic Profit
12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
Cost of capital2 | ||||||
Invested capital3 | ||||||
Economic profit4 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Economic profit | Economic profit is a measure of corporate performance computed by taking the spread between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, and multiplying by the invested capital. | Allergan PLC economic profit increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred revenue.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in accrued product warranties.
5 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring reserve.
6 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income (loss) attributable to shareholders.
7 2019 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
8 2019 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 12.50% =
9 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income (loss) attributable to shareholders.
10 2019 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 12.50% =
11 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
12 Elimination of discontinued operations.
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
NOPAT | Net operating profit after taxes is income from operations, but after removement of taxes calculated on cash basis that are relevant to operating income. | Allergan PLC NOPAT increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Cash Operating Taxes
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Cash operating taxes | Cash operating taxes are estimated by adjusting income tax expense for changes in deferred taxes and tax benefit from the interest deduction. | Allergan PLC cash operating taxes decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Invested Capital
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of deferred revenue.
5 Addition of accrued product warranties.
6 Addition of restructuring reserve.
7 Addition of equity equivalents to shareholders’ equity.
8 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
9 Subtraction of construction in progress.
10 Subtraction of marketable securities and other long-term investments.
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Invested capital | Capital is an approximation of the economic book value of all cash invested in going-concern business activities. | Allergan PLC invested capital decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Cost of Capital
Allergan PLC, cost of capital calculations
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Preferred shares, $0.0001 par value per share (book value) | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Preferred shares, $0.0001 par value per share (book value) | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Preferred shares, $0.0001 par value per share (book value) | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Preferred shares, $0.0001 par value per share (book value) | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Preferred shares, $0.0001 par value per share (book value) | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 12.50%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
Economic profit1 | ||||||
Invested capital2 | ||||||
Performance Ratio | ||||||
Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
Amgen Inc. | ||||||
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
Danaher Corp. | ||||||
Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
Merck & Co. Inc. | ||||||
Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2019 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Performance ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Economic spread ratio | The ratio of economic profit to invested capital, also equal to the difference between return on invested capital (ROIC) and cost of capital. | Allergan PLC economic spread ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Economic Profit Margin
Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
Economic profit1 | ||||||
Net revenues | ||||||
Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | ||||||
Adjusted net revenues | ||||||
Performance Ratio | ||||||
Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
Amgen Inc. | ||||||
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
Danaher Corp. | ||||||
Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
Merck & Co. Inc. | ||||||
Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2019 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted net revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Performance ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Economic profit margin | The ratio of economic profit to sales. It is the company profit margin covering income efficiency and asset management. Economic profit margin is not biased in favor of capital-intensive business models, because any added capital is a cost to the economic profit margin. | Allergan PLC economic profit margin improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |