Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Becton, Dickinson & Co. pages available for free this week:
- Balance Sheet: Assets
- Cash Flow Statement
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Debt to Equity since 2005
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2005
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Economic Profit
Becton, Dickinson & Co., economic profit calculation
US$ in millions
| 12 months ended: | Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | |||||||
| Cost of capital2 | |||||||
| Invested capital3 | |||||||
| Economic profit4 | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2021 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Economic profit | Economic profit is a measure of corporate performance computed by taking the spread between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, and multiplying by the invested capital. | Becton, Dickinson & Co. economic profit decreased from 2019 to 2020 but then increased from 2020 to 2021 exceeding 2019 level. |
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Becton, Dickinson & Co., NOPAT calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring liability.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.
5 2021 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
6 2021 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.
8 2021 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| NOPAT | Net operating profit after taxes is income from operations, but after removement of taxes calculated on cash basis that are relevant to operating income. | Becton, Dickinson & Co. NOPAT decreased from 2019 to 2020 but then increased from 2020 to 2021 exceeding 2019 level. |
Cash Operating Taxes
Becton, Dickinson & Co., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Cash operating taxes | Cash operating taxes are estimated by adjusting income tax expense for changes in deferred taxes and tax benefit from the interest deduction. | Becton, Dickinson & Co. cash operating taxes decreased from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly increased from 2020 to 2021. |
Invested Capital
Becton, Dickinson & Co., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of restructuring liability.
5 Addition of equity equivalents to shareholders’ equity.
6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
7 Subtraction of short-term investments.
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Invested capital | Capital is an approximation of the economic book value of all cash invested in going-concern business activities. | Becton, Dickinson & Co. invested capital increased from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly decreased from 2020 to 2021 not reaching 2019 level. |
Cost of Capital
Becton, Dickinson & Co., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.125% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.125% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.125% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.125% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 24.50%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 24.50%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.125% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.125% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Becton, Dickinson & Co., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Economic profit1 | |||||||
| Invested capital2 | |||||||
| Performance Ratio | |||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Abbott Laboratories | |||||||
| Cigna Group | |||||||
| CVS Health Corp. | |||||||
| Elevance Health Inc. | |||||||
| Humana Inc. | |||||||
| Intuitive Surgical Inc. | |||||||
| Medtronic PLC | |||||||
| UnitedHealth Group Inc. | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Economic spread ratio | The ratio of economic profit to invested capital, also equal to the difference between return on invested capital (ROIC) and cost of capital. | Becton, Dickinson & Co. economic spread ratio deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then improved from 2020 to 2021 exceeding 2019 level. |
Economic Profit Margin
Becton, Dickinson & Co., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Economic profit1 | |||||||
| Revenues | |||||||
| Performance Ratio | |||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | |||||||
| Abbott Laboratories | |||||||
| Cigna Group | |||||||
| CVS Health Corp. | |||||||
| Elevance Health Inc. | |||||||
| Humana Inc. | |||||||
| Intuitive Surgical Inc. | |||||||
| Medtronic PLC | |||||||
| UnitedHealth Group Inc. | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2021 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Economic profit margin | The ratio of economic profit to sales. It is the company profit margin covering income efficiency and asset management. Economic profit margin is not biased in favor of capital-intensive business models, because any added capital is a cost to the economic profit margin. | Becton, Dickinson & Co. economic profit margin deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then improved from 2020 to 2021 exceeding 2019 level. |