Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
Paying user area
Try for free
Marathon Petroleum Corp. pages available for free this week:
- Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Cash Flow Statement
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Reportable Segments
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Debt to Equity since 2011
- Price to Sales (P/S) since 2011
The data is hidden behind: . Unhide it.
Get full access to the entire website from $10.42/mo, or
get 1-month access to Marathon Petroleum Corp. for $22.49.
This is a one-time payment. There is no automatic renewal.
We accept:
Economic Profit
Marathon Petroleum Corp., economic profit calculation
US$ in millions
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2023 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- The company's NOPAT experienced significant volatility over the five-year period. Starting at $6,182 million in 2019, it dropped sharply to a negative $10,978 million in 2020. Subsequently, there was a recovery in 2021 with NOPAT returning to positive territory at $6,187 million. The upward trend continued strongly into 2022, reaching a peak of $17,951 million, before declining to $10,783 million in 2023. This pattern indicates a major disruption in 2020, followed by a sustained recovery and then a moderate decrease in the most recent year.
- Cost of Capital
- The cost of capital exhibited an increasing trend throughout the period. It started at 11.58% in 2019 and rose steadily each year, reaching 14.99% by the end of 2023. This consistent increase suggests higher required returns or increased risk perceptions associated with the company's capital base over time.
- Invested Capital
- The invested capital showed a general decline between 2019 and 2021, decreasing from $82,004 million to $63,579 million. There was a slight rebound in 2022, with invested capital increasing to $69,547 million, but it declined again in 2023 to $63,897 million. This fluctuating pattern implies periodic adjustments in asset investments or divestments, with an overall contraction in invested capital compared to the initial period.
- Economic Profit
- The economic profit, which adjusts NOPAT for the cost of capital, was negative in 2019 and deteriorated further in 2020, reaching a low of negative $19,147 million. In 2021, it improved substantially to negative $2,189 million, and in 2022, it turned positive to $7,593 million. However, this positive economic profit was not fully sustained, as it decreased to $1,207 million in 2023. The fluctuations reflect the impact of the volatile NOPAT and rising cost of capital, with the company generating value above the cost of capital mainly in 2022 and, to a lesser extent, in 2023.
- Overall Insights
- The data reflects a period of significant financial stress in 2020, with a major loss in operating profitability and economic value. The recovery after 2020 was strong, with both operating profit and economic profit improving markedly, peaking in 2022. Despite this, 2023 shows signs of moderation, as both NOPAT and economic profit declined while the cost of capital remained elevated. Invested capital trends indicate strategic adjustments in asset investments, possibly in response to fluctuating market conditions or operational efficiencies. The increase in cost of capital throughout the period may indicate rising financing costs or increased risk, which poses a challenge to value creation going forward.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Marathon Petroleum Corp., NOPAT calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in LIFO reserve. See details »
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring reserve.
5 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income (loss) attributable to MPC.
6 2023 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
7 2023 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense, net of interest capitalized = Adjusted interest expense, net of interest capitalized × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
8 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income (loss) attributable to MPC.
9 2023 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
10 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
11 Elimination of discontinued operations.
The analyzed financial data reveals significant fluctuations in key profitability indicators over the five-year period ending December 31, 2023.
- Net Income (Loss) Attributable to MPC
- Net income exhibited pronounced volatility. The figure fell from a positive $2,637 million in 2019 to a substantial loss of $9,826 million in 2020, indicating a severe downturn, likely driven by adverse market or operational factors during that year. Recovery occurred in 2021 with net income rising sharply to $9,738 million, surpassing the 2019 level. This upward momentum continued into 2022, reaching a peak of $14,516 million, followed by a decline in 2023 to $9,681 million. Overall, the net income reflected substantial cyclical variation, with a drastic loss followed by strong recovery and subsequent moderation.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- NOPAT mirrored the pattern shown by net income, experiencing a significant negative shift in 2020 where it dropped to -$10,978 million from $6,182 million in 2019. The following years saw a robust recovery with NOPAT increasing to $6,187 million in 2021, nearly returning to the 2019 level, and then peaking at $17,951 million in 2022, which notably exceeded prior peaks in both net income and NOPAT. In 2023, NOPAT decreased to $10,783 million, indicating a moderation but remaining well above pre-2020 levels.
These trends suggest that the company was affected by a significant adverse event or market condition in 2020 leading to large losses and negative operating profit. However, the subsequent two years showed a robust rebound and profitability expansion beyond pre-2020 figures, implying possible operational improvements or favorable market conditions. The slight decline in both net income and NOPAT in 2023 could indicate some normalization or emerging challenges following exceptional performance in 2022.
Cash Operating Taxes
Marathon Petroleum Corp., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
- Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
- The income tax provision experienced significant volatility over the analyzed period. It started with a positive provision of 1,074 million USD at the end of 2019, followed by a substantial tax benefit of -2,430 million USD in 2020, indicating a reversal or tax credit situation. In 2021, the provision reverted to a modest positive value of 264 million USD. A notable increase occurred in 2022, reaching 4,491 million USD, before declining to 2,817 million USD at the end of 2023. This pattern suggests considerable fluctuations in taxable income or tax planning strategies leading to large swings in tax expense provisions.
- Cash Operating Taxes
- Cash operating taxes mirrored the overall trend of the income tax provision but with more pronounced changes. The 2019 figure stood at 324 million USD, then sharply decreased to a cash inflow (negative tax payment) of -1,899 million USD in 2020, reflecting adjustments or refunds. In 2021, cash taxes surged to 705 million USD, climbed dramatically to 4,421 million USD in 2022—the peak value in the period—and subsequently dropped to 3,010 million USD in 2023. These fluctuations align with variations in operational profitability and tax settlement timings, indicating an erratic but generally increasing cash tax burden post-2020.
Invested Capital
Marathon Petroleum Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of LIFO reserve. See details »
5 Addition of restructuring reserve.
6 Addition of equity equivalents to total MPC stockholders’ equity.
7 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
8 Subtraction of short-term investments.
The financial data reveals several key trends in the capital structure and investment base over the five-year period ending in 2023.
- Total reported debt & leases
- The total reported debt and leases experienced some fluctuations. Initially, it increased from 31,317 million USD in 2019 to a peak of 33,095 million USD in 2020. This was followed by a notable decline in 2021 to 26,904 million USD. Subsequently, a moderate rise occurred over the next two years, reaching 28,501 million USD in 2023. Overall, the debt levels show some volatility but remained below the 2019 level by the end of 2023.
- Total MPC stockholders’ equity
- Stockholders’ equity showed a declining trend over the period. Starting at 33,694 million USD in 2019, equity sharply decreased to 22,199 million USD in 2020. Although it buoyantly recovered to 26,206 million USD in 2021 and further increased to 27,715 million USD in 2022, equity declined again to 24,404 million USD in 2023. Despite recovery attempts, equity in 2023 remained significantly below the 2019 level, indicating possible challenges affecting retained earnings or other components of equity.
- Invested capital
- The invested capital consistently trended downward from 82,004 million USD in 2019 to 63,897 million USD in 2023, with intermediate fluctuations. It dropped to 70,186 million USD in 2020 and further to 63,579 million USD in 2021. A recovery occurred in 2022, reaching 69,547 million USD, followed by a decline again to 63,897 million USD in 2023. This pattern suggests variability in capital investment levels or changes in capital employed over the timeframe.
In summary, the data indicates that the company experienced a general reduction in invested capital and equity levels over the five years, paired with fluctuating debt levels that ultimately ended slightly below the initial value. The changes in equity and invested capital might reflect operational or strategic adjustments impacting the capital structure.
Cost of Capital
Marathon Petroleum Corp., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Marathon Petroleum Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2023 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Economic Profit
- The economic profit exhibited notable volatility over the five-year period. Starting with a negative value of -$3,315 million at the end of 2019, the metric sharply deteriorated to -$19,147 million in 2020, indicating a significant decline in profitability relative to the cost of capital. This was followed by a recovery in 2021 to -$2,189 million and then a shift to positive economic profit in 2022 with $7,593 million. However, in 2023, economic profit decreased again to $1,207 million, though it remained positive, reflecting some retained profitability above the cost of capital.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital saw a declining trend from 2019 through 2021, decreasing from $82,004 million to $63,579 million, suggesting a reduction in the asset base or capital deployment. There was a slight rebound in 2022 to $69,547 million, followed by another contraction to $63,897 million in 2023. Overall, the capital invested shrank over the period by approximately 22%, which could indicate divestitures or efficiency improvements in capital utilization.
- Economic Spread Ratio
- The economic spread ratio, which provides insight into the company's return relative to its cost of capital, showed significant fluctuation. It began at -4.04% in 2019 and plunged dramatically to -27.28% in 2020, signaling operational or market challenges that greatly impaired returns. Thereafter, the spread improved markedly to -3.44% in 2021 and turned positive in 2022 at 10.92%, indicating the company generated returns exceeding its cost of capital. The ratio declined to 1.89% in 2023, still positive but considerably lower, which may suggest emerging challenges or normalization after the spike in 2022.
Economic Profit Margin
Marathon Petroleum Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Sales and other operating revenues | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Chevron Corp. | ||||||
| ConocoPhillips | ||||||
| Exxon Mobil Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2023 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Sales and other operating revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals notable fluctuations in key performance metrics over the five-year period ending in 2023. The company's economic profit exhibited significant volatility, with a marked decline in 2020 followed by a recovery and positive values in the subsequent years, indicating an overall improvement in value creation.
- Economic Profit
- The economic profit saw a substantial decrease from -3,315 million US dollars in 2019 to -19,147 million US dollars in 2020, representing a deep loss during that year. However, there was a recovery beginning in 2021, with losses significantly reduced to -2,189 million US dollars. The trend shifted to positive economic profit in 2022, reaching 7,593 million US dollars, before slightly declining to 1,207 million US dollars in 2023. This pattern suggests the company faced considerable challenges in 2020 but managed to rebound and generate economic value in the later years.
- Sales and Other Operating Revenues
- Sales and other operating revenues decreased sharply from 123,949 million US dollars in 2019 to 69,779 million US dollars in 2020, which coincides with the significant economic profit loss observed that year. Revenues then increased substantially to 119,983 million US dollars in 2021 and peaked at 177,453 million US dollars in 2022. There was a decline to 148,379 million US dollars in 2023, but the revenue levels remained higher than the initial years, indicating recovery and growth post-2020.
- Economic Profit Margin
- The economic profit margin followed a trajectory consistent with economic profit and revenue trends. It dropped from -2.67% in 2019 to a considerable low of -27.44% in 2020, reflecting the sharp decline in profitability relative to sales. The margin improved to -1.82% in 2021 and shifted to positive territory at 4.28% in 2022. In 2023, the margin decreased to 0.81%, but remained positive, illustrating ongoing profitability despite some margin contraction.
Overall, the data underscores a challenging 2020 characterized by reduced revenues and substantial negative economic profit and margins. Subsequent years show a recovery trend, with revenues expanding and the company transitioning to profitable operations by 2022. Despite some softening in 2023, the company maintained an economic profit margin above zero, reflecting resilience and improved financial health relative to the 2020 downturn.