Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
United States Steel Corp., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 3,060) | 4,449) | (1,095) | (121) | 893) | |
| Invested capital2 | 12,723) | 12,346) | 8,622) | 7,841) | 6,762) | |
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| ROIC3 | 24.05% | 36.04% | -12.70% | -1.54% | 13.21% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Freeport-McMoRan Inc. | 14.20% | 17.66% | 5.28% | 1.18% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2022 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 3,060 ÷ 12,723 = 24.05%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | United States Steel Corp. ROIC improved from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly deteriorated from 2021 to 2022. |
Decomposition of ROIC
United States Steel Corp., decomposition of ROIC
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the decrease in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2022 year is the decrease in profitability measured by operating profit margin (OPM) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
United States Steel Corp., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 3,060) | 4,449) | (1,095) | (121) | 893) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 260) | 290) | 49) | 6) | 60) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 3,320) | 4,739) | (1,046) | (115) | 953) | |
| Net sales | 21,065) | 20,275) | 9,741) | 12,937) | 14,178) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| OPM3 | 15.76% | 23.37% | -10.74% | -0.89% | 6.72% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Freeport-McMoRan Inc. | 31.79% | 36.59% | 17.35% | 6.46% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2022 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Net sales
= 100 × 3,320 ÷ 21,065 = 15.76%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | United States Steel Corp. OPM improved from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly deteriorated from 2021 to 2022. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
United States Steel Corp., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net sales | 21,065) | 20,275) | 9,741) | 12,937) | 14,178) | |
| Invested capital1 | 12,723) | 12,346) | 8,622) | 7,841) | 6,762) | |
| Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
| TO2 | 1.66 | 1.64 | 1.13 | 1.65 | 2.10 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Freeport-McMoRan Inc. | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.44 | 0.51 | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2022 Calculation
TO = Net sales ÷ Invested capital
= 21,065 ÷ 12,723 = 1.66
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | United States Steel Corp. TO improved from 2020 to 2021 and from 2021 to 2022. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
United States Steel Corp., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 3,060) | 4,449) | (1,095) | (121) | 893) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 260) | 290) | 49) | 6) | 60) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 3,320) | 4,739) | (1,046) | (115) | 953) | |
| Tax Rate | ||||||
| CTR3 | 7.84% | 6.11% | — | — | 6.28% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Freeport-McMoRan Inc. | 28.99% | 26.38% | 31.31% | 64.40% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2022 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × 260 ÷ 3,320 = 7.84%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.