Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

Caterpillar Inc. (NYSE:CAT)

$24.99

Analysis of Income Taxes

Microsoft Excel

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Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Caterpillar Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
U.S.
Non-U.S.
State (U.S.)
Current tax provision
U.S.
Non-U.S.
State (U.S.)
Deferred tax provision (benefit)
Provision for income taxes

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Current tax provision Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations. Caterpillar Inc. current tax provision increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Deferred tax provision (benefit) Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations. Caterpillar Inc. deferred tax provision (benefit) increased from 2021 to 2022 but then decreased significantly from 2022 to 2023.
Provision for income taxes Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. Caterpillar Inc. provision for income taxes increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

Caterpillar Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
U.S. statutory tax rate
Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other than the U.S. rate
State and local taxes, net of federal
U.S. tax incentives
Nondeductible goodwill
Mandatory deemed repatriation of non-U.S. earnings
Other, net
Effective tax rate

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Effective tax rate Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. Caterpillar Inc. effective tax rate increased from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly decreased from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Caterpillar Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Tax carryforwards
Research expenditures
Postemployment benefits
Employee compensation and benefits
Warranty reserves
Post sale discounts
Lease obligations
Inventory valuation
Allowance for credit losses
Other, net
Deferred income tax assets, gross
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Deferred income tax assets
Capital and intangible assets, including lease basis differences
Undistributed profits, including translation adjustments
Other outside basis differences
Bond discount
Deferred income tax liabilities
Deferred income taxes, net

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Deferred income tax assets, gross Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. Caterpillar Inc. deferred income tax assets, gross increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Deferred income tax assets Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. Caterpillar Inc. deferred income tax assets increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Deferred income taxes, net Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting. Caterpillar Inc. deferred income taxes, net increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

Caterpillar Inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Deferred income tax assets (included in Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes)
Deferred income tax liabilities (included in Other liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Item Description The company
Deferred income tax assets (included in Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes) Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. Caterpillar Inc. deferred income tax assets (included in Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes) increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Deferred income tax liabilities (included in Other liabilities) Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. Caterpillar Inc. deferred income tax liabilities (included in Other liabilities) increased from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly decreased from 2022 to 2023.

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

Caterpillar Inc., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Adjustment to Total Assets
Total assets (as reported)
Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
Total assets (adjusted)
Adjustment to Total Liabilities
Total liabilities (as reported)
Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
Total liabilities (adjusted)
Adjustment to Equity Attributable To Common Shareholders
Equity attributable to common shareholders (as reported)
Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Equity attributable to common shareholders (adjusted)
Adjustment to Profit Attributable To Common Stockholders
Profit attributable to common stockholders (as reported)
Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Profit attributable to common stockholders (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Caterpillar Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

Caterpillar Inc., adjusted financial ratios

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Net Profit Margin
Reported net profit margin
Adjusted net profit margin
Total Asset Turnover
Reported total asset turnover
Adjusted total asset turnover
Financial Leverage
Reported financial leverage
Adjusted financial leverage
Return on Equity (ROE)
Reported ROE
Adjusted ROE
Return on Assets (ROA)
Reported ROA
Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Financial ratio Description The company
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.
Adjusted total asset turnover An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 Caterpillar Inc. adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2021 to 2022 but then decreased significantly from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted ROE improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted ROA improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Caterpillar Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Profit attributable to common stockholders
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Profitability Ratio
Net profit margin1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted profit attributable to common stockholders
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted net profit margin2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 Net profit margin = 100 × Profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Total assets
Activity Ratio
Total asset turnover1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Adjusted total assets
Activity Ratio
Adjusted total asset turnover2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 Total asset turnover = Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =

Activity ratio Description The company
Adjusted total asset turnover An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total assets
Equity attributable to common shareholders
Solvency Ratio
Financial leverage1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted total assets
Adjusted equity attributable to common shareholders
Solvency Ratio
Adjusted financial leverage2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Equity attributable to common shareholders
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted equity attributable to common shareholders
= ÷ =

Solvency ratio Description The company
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 Caterpillar Inc. adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2021 to 2022 but then decreased significantly from 2022 to 2023.

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Profit attributable to common stockholders
Equity attributable to common shareholders
Profitability Ratio
ROE1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted profit attributable to common stockholders
Adjusted equity attributable to common shareholders
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROE2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 ROE = 100 × Profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Equity attributable to common shareholders
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Adjusted equity attributable to common shareholders
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted ROE improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Profit attributable to common stockholders
Total assets
Profitability Ratio
ROA1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted profit attributable to common stockholders
Adjusted total assets
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROA2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

1 ROA = 100 × Profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. Caterpillar Inc. adjusted ROA improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.