Analysis of Geographic Areas
Merck & Co. Inc. operates in 7 regions: United States; Europe, Middle East and Africa; China; Latin America; Japan; Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan); and Other.
Area Asset Turnover
Merck & Co. Inc., asset turnover by geographic area
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 2.19 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 1.91 | 2.00 |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 1.86 | 1.75 | 2.07 | 2.19 | 2.24 |
| China | 27.20 | 35.24 | 25.08 | 19.90 | 16.70 |
| Latin America | 26.01 | 13.90 | 11.48 | 11.09 | 9.02 |
| Japan | 22.94 | 23.79 | 26.88 | 17.14 | 20.34 |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | 3.11 | 3.16 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 3.76 |
| Other | 54.45 | 526.00 | 513.60 | 305.25 | 245.80 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | United States | United States area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then improved from 2023 to 2024 exceeding 2022 level. |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | Europe, Middle East and Africa area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly improved from 2023 to 2024. | |
| China | China area asset turnover ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024 not reaching 2022 level. | |
| Latin America | Latin America area asset turnover ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. | |
| Japan | Japan area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. | |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. | |
| Other | Other area asset turnover ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then deteriorated significantly from 2023 to 2024. |
Area Asset Turnover: United States
Merck & Co. Inc.; United States; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 32,277) | 28,480) | 27,206) | 22,425) | 21,027) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 14,724) | 13,915) | 12,891) | 11,759) | 10,526) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 2.19 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 1.91 | 2.00 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 32,277 ÷ 14,724 = 2.19
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | United States | United States area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then improved from 2023 to 2024 exceeding 2022 level. |
Area Asset Turnover: Europe, Middle East and Africa
Merck & Co. Inc.; Europe, Middle East and Africa; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 14,041) | 13,254) | 14,493) | 13,341) | 13,600) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 7,548) | 7,562) | 6,993) | 6,081) | 6,059) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 1.86 | 1.75 | 2.07 | 2.19 | 2.24 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 14,041 ÷ 7,548 = 1.86
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Europe, Middle East and Africa | Europe, Middle East and Africa area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly improved from 2023 to 2024. |
Area Asset Turnover: China
Merck & Co. Inc.; China; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 5,494) | 6,802) | 5,191) | 4,378) | 3,624) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 202) | 193) | 207) | 220) | 217) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 27.20 | 35.24 | 25.08 | 19.90 | 16.70 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 5,494 ÷ 202 = 27.20
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | China | China area asset turnover ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024 not reaching 2022 level. |
Area Asset Turnover: Latin America
Merck & Co. Inc.; Latin America; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 3,459) | 3,086) | 2,582) | 2,206) | 2,274) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 133) | 222) | 225) | 199) | 252) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 26.01 | 13.90 | 11.48 | 11.09 | 9.02 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 3,459 ÷ 133 = 26.01
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Latin America | Latin America area asset turnover ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |
Area Asset Turnover: Japan
Merck & Co. Inc.; Japan; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 3,280) | 3,164) | 3,629) | 2,726) | 3,376) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 143) | 133) | 135) | 159) | 166) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 22.94 | 23.79 | 26.88 | 17.14 | 20.34 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 3,280 ÷ 143 = 22.94
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Japan | Japan area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |
Area Asset Turnover: Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan)
Merck & Co. Inc.; Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan); area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 3,058) | 3,225) | 3,614) | 2,407) | 2,864) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 982) | 1,022) | 966) | 857) | 761) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 3.11 | 3.16 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 3.76 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 3,058 ÷ 982 = 3.11
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |
Area Asset Turnover: Other
Merck & Co. Inc.; Other; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 2,559) | 2,104) | 2,568) | 1,221) | 1,229) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 47) | 4) | 5) | 4) | 5) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 54.45 | 526.00 | 513.60 | 305.25 | 245.80 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 2,559 ÷ 47 = 54.45
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Other | Other area asset turnover ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then deteriorated significantly from 2023 to 2024. |
Sales
Merck & Co. Inc., sales by geographic area
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 32,277) | 28,480) | 27,206) | 22,425) | 21,027) |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 14,041) | 13,254) | 14,493) | 13,341) | 13,600) |
| China | 5,494) | 6,802) | 5,191) | 4,378) | 3,624) |
| Latin America | 3,459) | 3,086) | 2,582) | 2,206) | 2,274) |
| Japan | 3,280) | 3,164) | 3,629) | 2,726) | 3,376) |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | 3,058) | 3,225) | 3,614) | 2,407) | 2,864) |
| Other | 2,559) | 2,104) | 2,568) | 1,221) | 1,229) |
| Total | 64,168) | 60,115) | 59,283) | 48,704) | 47,994) |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
Property, plant and equipment, net
Merck & Co. Inc., property, plant and equipment, net by geographic area
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 14,724) | 13,915) | 12,891) | 11,759) | 10,526) |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 7,548) | 7,562) | 6,993) | 6,081) | 6,059) |
| China | 202) | 193) | 207) | 220) | 217) |
| Latin America | 133) | 222) | 225) | 199) | 252) |
| Japan | 143) | 133) | 135) | 159) | 166) |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | 982) | 1,022) | 966) | 857) | 761) |
| Other | 47) | 4) | 5) | 4) | 5) |
| Total | 23,779) | 23,051) | 21,422) | 19,279) | 17,986) |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).