Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company ability to meet long-term obligations.
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- Statement of Comprehensive Income
- Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Cash Flow Statement
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Analysis of Profitability Ratios
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Reportable Segments
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
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Solvency Ratios (Summary)
Merck & Co. Inc., solvency ratios
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
| Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to capital ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
| Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to assets ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
| Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
| Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. financial leverage ratio decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | Merck & Co. Inc. interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
| Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | Merck & Co. Inc. fixed charge coverage ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Equity
Merck & Co. Inc., debt to equity calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to equity1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
Merck & Co. Inc., debt to equity (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Current operating lease liability (included in Accrued and other current liabilities) | ||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liability (included in Other noncurrent liabilities) | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to equity (including operating lease liability)1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Capital
Merck & Co. Inc., debt to capital calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Total capital | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to capital1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to capital ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
Merck & Co. Inc., debt to capital (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Current operating lease liability (included in Accrued and other current liabilities) | ||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liability (included in Other noncurrent liabilities) | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Total capital (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to capital (including operating lease liability)1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total capital (including operating lease liability)
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Assets
Merck & Co. Inc., debt to assets calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Total assets | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to assets1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to assets ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
Merck & Co. Inc., debt to assets (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Current operating lease liability (included in Accrued and other current liabilities) | ||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liability (included in Other noncurrent liabilities) | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Total assets | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to assets (including operating lease liability)1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. | Merck & Co. Inc. debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Financial Leverage
Merck & Co. Inc., financial leverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Total assets | ||||||
| Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Financial leverage1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Merck & Co. Inc. financial leverage ratio decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Interest Coverage
Merck & Co. Inc., interest coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | ||||||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||||
| Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes | ||||||
| Add: Income tax expense | ||||||
| Add: Interest expense | ||||||
| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Interest coverage1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Interest coverage = EBIT ÷ Interest expense
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | Merck & Co. Inc. interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Fixed Charge Coverage
Merck & Co. Inc., fixed charge coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | ||||||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||||
| Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes | ||||||
| Add: Income tax expense | ||||||
| Add: Interest expense | ||||||
| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | ||||||
| Add: Operating lease cost | ||||||
| Earnings before fixed charges and tax | ||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||
| Operating lease cost | ||||||
| Fixed charges | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Fixed charge coverage1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Fixed charge coverage = Earnings before fixed charges and tax ÷ Fixed charges
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | Merck & Co. Inc. fixed charge coverage ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |