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Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. pages available for free this week:
- Balance Sheet: Assets
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Selected Financial Data since 2005
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Current Ratio since 2005
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2005
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) since 2005
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Economic Profit
12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
Cost of capital2 | ||||||
Invested capital3 | ||||||
Economic profit4 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2021 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Economic profit | Economic profit is a measure of corporate performance computed by taking the spread between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, and multiplying by the invested capital. | Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. economic profit decreased from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly increased from 2020 to 2021. |
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in credit loss allowance.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income (loss) attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd..
5 2021 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
6 2021 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense, net of interest capitalized = Adjusted interest expense, net of interest capitalized × Statutory income tax rate
= × 0.85% =
7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income (loss) attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd..
8 2021 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 0.85% =
9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
NOPAT | Net operating profit after taxes is income from operations, but after removement of taxes calculated on cash basis that are relevant to operating income. | Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. NOPAT decreased from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly increased from 2020 to 2021. |
Cash Operating Taxes
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Cash operating taxes | Cash operating taxes are estimated by adjusting income tax expense for changes in deferred taxes and tax benefit from the interest deduction. | Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. cash operating taxes decreased from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021. |
Invested Capital
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of restructuring.
5 Addition of equity equivalents to shareholders’ equity.
6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
7 Subtraction of ships under construction.
Item | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Invested capital | Capital is an approximation of the economic book value of all cash invested in going-concern business activities. | Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. invested capital increased from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly decreased from 2020 to 2021. |
Cost of Capital
Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., cost of capital calculations
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 0.85%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 0.85%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 0.26%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 0.26%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 1.68%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 1.68%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 1.14%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 1.14%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 1.11%) | = | ||||||||
Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 1.11%) | = | ||||||||
Total: |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
Economic profit1 | ||||||
Invested capital2 | ||||||
Performance Ratio | ||||||
Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
Airbnb Inc. | ||||||
Booking Holdings Inc. | ||||||
Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. | ||||||
McDonald’s Corp. | ||||||
Starbucks Corp. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Performance ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Economic spread ratio | The ratio of economic profit to invested capital, also equal to the difference between return on invested capital (ROIC) and cost of capital. | Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. economic spread ratio deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly improved from 2020 to 2021. |
Economic Profit Margin
Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
Economic profit1 | ||||||
Revenues | ||||||
Performance Ratio | ||||||
Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
Airbnb Inc. | ||||||
Booking Holdings Inc. | ||||||
Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. | ||||||
McDonald’s Corp. | ||||||
Starbucks Corp. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2021 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Performance ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Economic profit margin | The ratio of economic profit to sales. It is the company profit margin covering income efficiency and asset management. Economic profit margin is not biased in favor of capital-intensive business models, because any added capital is a cost to the economic profit margin. | Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. economic profit margin deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021. |