Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) indicates what should be the expected or required rate of return on risky assets like Linde plc common stock.
Paying user area
Try for free
Linde plc pages available for free this week:
- Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Reportable Segments
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Debt to Equity since 2005
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2005
- Aggregate Accruals
The data is hidden behind: . Unhide it.
Get full access to the entire website from $10.42/mo, or
get 1-month access to Linde plc for $24.99.
This is a one-time payment. There is no automatic renewal.
We accept:
Rates of Return
Linde plc (LIN) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t | Date | PriceLIN,t1 | DividendLIN,t1 | RLIN,t2 | PriceS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
Jan 31, 2019 | ||||||
1. | Feb 28, 2019 | |||||
2. | Mar 31, 2019 | |||||
3. | Apr 30, 2019 | |||||
. | . | . | . | . | . | . |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . |
58. | Nov 30, 2023 | |||||
59. | Dec 31, 2023 | |||||
Average (R): | ||||||
Standard deviation: |
Linde plc (LIN) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t | Date | PriceLIN,t1 | DividendLIN,t1 | RLIN,t2 | PriceS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
Jan 31, 2019 | ||||||
1. | Feb 28, 2019 | |||||
2. | Mar 31, 2019 | |||||
3. | Apr 30, 2019 | |||||
4. | May 31, 2019 | |||||
5. | Jun 30, 2019 | |||||
6. | Jul 31, 2019 | |||||
7. | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||
8. | Sep 30, 2019 | |||||
9. | Oct 31, 2019 | |||||
10. | Nov 30, 2019 | |||||
11. | Dec 31, 2019 | |||||
12. | Jan 31, 2020 | |||||
13. | Feb 29, 2020 | |||||
14. | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||
15. | Apr 30, 2020 | |||||
16. | May 31, 2020 | |||||
17. | Jun 30, 2020 | |||||
18. | Jul 31, 2020 | |||||
19. | Aug 31, 2020 | |||||
20. | Sep 30, 2020 | |||||
21. | Oct 31, 2020 | |||||
22. | Nov 30, 2020 | |||||
23. | Dec 31, 2020 | |||||
24. | Jan 31, 2021 | |||||
25. | Feb 28, 2021 | |||||
26. | Mar 31, 2021 | |||||
27. | Apr 30, 2021 | |||||
28. | May 31, 2021 | |||||
29. | Jun 30, 2021 | |||||
30. | Jul 31, 2021 | |||||
31. | Aug 31, 2021 | |||||
32. | Sep 30, 2021 | |||||
33. | Oct 31, 2021 | |||||
34. | Nov 30, 2021 | |||||
35. | Dec 31, 2021 | |||||
36. | Jan 31, 2022 | |||||
37. | Feb 28, 2022 | |||||
38. | Mar 31, 2022 | |||||
39. | Apr 30, 2022 | |||||
40. | May 31, 2022 | |||||
41. | Jun 30, 2022 | |||||
42. | Jul 31, 2022 | |||||
43. | Aug 31, 2022 | |||||
44. | Sep 30, 2022 | |||||
45. | Oct 31, 2022 | |||||
46. | Nov 30, 2022 | |||||
47. | Dec 31, 2022 | |||||
48. | Jan 31, 2023 | |||||
49. | Feb 28, 2023 | |||||
50. | Mar 31, 2023 | |||||
51. | Apr 30, 2023 | |||||
52. | May 31, 2023 | |||||
53. | Jun 30, 2023 | |||||
54. | Jul 31, 2023 | |||||
55. | Aug 31, 2023 | |||||
56. | Sep 30, 2023 | |||||
57. | Oct 31, 2023 | |||||
58. | Nov 30, 2023 | |||||
59. | Dec 31, 2023 | |||||
Average (R): | ||||||
Standard deviation: |
Show all
1 Data in US$ per share of common stock, adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Rate of return on common stock of LIN during period t
3 Rate of return on S&P 500 (the market portfolio proxy) during period t
Variance and Covariance
t | Date | RLIN,t | RS&P 500,t | (RLIN,t–RLIN)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RLIN,t–RLIN)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Feb 28, 2019 | |||||
2. | Mar 31, 2019 | |||||
3. | Apr 30, 2019 | |||||
. | . | . | . | . | . | . |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . |
58. | Nov 30, 2023 | |||||
59. | Dec 31, 2023 | |||||
Total (Σ): |
t | Date | RLIN,t | RS&P 500,t | (RLIN,t–RLIN)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RLIN,t–RLIN)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Feb 28, 2019 | |||||
2. | Mar 31, 2019 | |||||
3. | Apr 30, 2019 | |||||
4. | May 31, 2019 | |||||
5. | Jun 30, 2019 | |||||
6. | Jul 31, 2019 | |||||
7. | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||
8. | Sep 30, 2019 | |||||
9. | Oct 31, 2019 | |||||
10. | Nov 30, 2019 | |||||
11. | Dec 31, 2019 | |||||
12. | Jan 31, 2020 | |||||
13. | Feb 29, 2020 | |||||
14. | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||
15. | Apr 30, 2020 | |||||
16. | May 31, 2020 | |||||
17. | Jun 30, 2020 | |||||
18. | Jul 31, 2020 | |||||
19. | Aug 31, 2020 | |||||
20. | Sep 30, 2020 | |||||
21. | Oct 31, 2020 | |||||
22. | Nov 30, 2020 | |||||
23. | Dec 31, 2020 | |||||
24. | Jan 31, 2021 | |||||
25. | Feb 28, 2021 | |||||
26. | Mar 31, 2021 | |||||
27. | Apr 30, 2021 | |||||
28. | May 31, 2021 | |||||
29. | Jun 30, 2021 | |||||
30. | Jul 31, 2021 | |||||
31. | Aug 31, 2021 | |||||
32. | Sep 30, 2021 | |||||
33. | Oct 31, 2021 | |||||
34. | Nov 30, 2021 | |||||
35. | Dec 31, 2021 | |||||
36. | Jan 31, 2022 | |||||
37. | Feb 28, 2022 | |||||
38. | Mar 31, 2022 | |||||
39. | Apr 30, 2022 | |||||
40. | May 31, 2022 | |||||
41. | Jun 30, 2022 | |||||
42. | Jul 31, 2022 | |||||
43. | Aug 31, 2022 | |||||
44. | Sep 30, 2022 | |||||
45. | Oct 31, 2022 | |||||
46. | Nov 30, 2022 | |||||
47. | Dec 31, 2022 | |||||
48. | Jan 31, 2023 | |||||
49. | Feb 28, 2023 | |||||
50. | Mar 31, 2023 | |||||
51. | Apr 30, 2023 | |||||
52. | May 31, 2023 | |||||
53. | Jun 30, 2023 | |||||
54. | Jul 31, 2023 | |||||
55. | Aug 31, 2023 | |||||
56. | Sep 30, 2023 | |||||
57. | Oct 31, 2023 | |||||
58. | Nov 30, 2023 | |||||
59. | Dec 31, 2023 | |||||
Total (Σ): |
Show all
VarianceLIN = Σ(RLIN,t–RLIN)2 ÷ (59 – 1)
= ÷ (59 – 1)
=
VarianceS&P 500 = Σ(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 ÷ (59 – 1)
= ÷ (59 – 1)
=
CovarianceLIN, S&P 500 = Σ(RLIN,t–RLIN)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) ÷ (59 – 1)
= ÷ (59 – 1)
=
Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
VarianceLIN | |
VarianceS&P 500 | |
CovarianceLIN, S&P 500 | |
Correlation coefficientLIN, S&P 5001 | |
βLIN2 | |
αLIN3 |
Calculations
1 Correlation coefficientLIN, S&P 500
= CovarianceLIN, S&P 500 ÷ (Standard deviationLIN × Standard deviationS&P 500)
= ÷ ( × )
=
2 βLIN
= CovarianceLIN, S&P 500 ÷ VarianceS&P 500
= ÷
=
3 αLIN
= AverageLIN – βLIN × AverageS&P 500
= – ×
=
Expected Rate of Return
Assumptions | ||
Rate of return on LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | |
Expected rate of return on market portfolio2 | E(RM) | |
Systematic risk (β) of Linde plc common stock | βLIN | |
Expected rate of return on Linde plc common stock3 | E(RLIN) |
1 Unweighted average of bid yields on all outstanding fixed-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds neither due or callable in less than 10 years (risk-free rate of return proxy).
3 E(RLIN) = RF + βLIN [E(RM) – RF]
= + [ – ]
=