Stock Analysis on Net

Linde plc (NASDAQ:LIN)

$24.99

Return on Capital (ROC)

Microsoft Excel

Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.

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Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

Linde plc, ROIC calculation

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1
Invested capital2
Performance Ratio
ROIC3

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Invested capital. See details »

3 2023 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =

Performance ratio Description The company
ROIC A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. Linde plc ROIC improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Decomposition of ROIC

Linde plc, decomposition of ROIC

Microsoft Excel
ROIC = OPM1 × TO2 × 1 – CTR3
Dec 31, 2023 = × ×
Dec 31, 2022 = × ×
Dec 31, 2021 = × ×
Dec 31, 2020 = × ×
Dec 31, 2019 = × ×

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »

2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »

3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »

The primary reason for the increase in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2023 year is the increase in profitability measured by operating profit margin (OPM) ratio.


Operating Profit Margin (OPM)

Linde plc, OPM calculation

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1
Add: Cash operating taxes2
Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT)
 
Sales
Profitability Ratio
OPM3

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Cash operating taxes. See details »

3 2023 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Sales
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
OPM The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. Linde plc OPM deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.

Turnover of Capital (TO)

Linde plc, TO calculation

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Sales
Invested capital1
Efficiency Ratio
TO2

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 Invested capital. See details »

2 2023 Calculation
TO = Sales ÷ Invested capital
= ÷ =

Efficiency ratio Description The company
TO The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. Linde plc TO improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023.

Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)

Linde plc, CTR calculation

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1
Add: Cash operating taxes2
Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT)
Tax Rate
CTR3

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Cash operating taxes. See details »

3 2023 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × ÷ =

Tax rate Description The company
CTR Effective cash tax rate on operating income. Linde plc CTR increased from 2021 to 2022 but then decreased significantly from 2022 to 2023.