Analysis of Reportable Segments
Linde plc operates in 4 segments: Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); Asia and South Pacific (APAC); and Engineering.
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- Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Current Ratio since 2005
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2005
- Analysis of Debt
- Aggregate Accruals
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Segment Profit Margin
Linde plc, profit margin by reportable segment
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | |||||
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | |||||
| Engineering |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
| Segment profitability ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment profit margin | Americas | Americas segment profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) segment profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. | |
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | Asia and South Pacific (APAC) segment profit margin ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. | |
| Engineering | Engineering segment profit margin ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Segment Profit Margin: Americas
Linde plc; Americas; segment profit margin calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Segment operating profit | |||||
| Sales | |||||
| Segment Profitability Ratio | |||||
| Segment profit margin1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment profit margin = 100 × Segment operating profit ÷ Sales
= 100 × ÷ =
| Segment profitability ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment profit margin | Americas | Americas segment profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Segment Profit Margin: Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)
Linde plc; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); segment profit margin calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Segment operating profit | |||||
| Sales | |||||
| Segment Profitability Ratio | |||||
| Segment profit margin1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment profit margin = 100 × Segment operating profit ÷ Sales
= 100 × ÷ =
| Segment profitability ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment profit margin | Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) segment profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Segment Profit Margin: Asia and South Pacific (APAC)
Linde plc; Asia and South Pacific (APAC); segment profit margin calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Segment operating profit | |||||
| Sales | |||||
| Segment Profitability Ratio | |||||
| Segment profit margin1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment profit margin = 100 × Segment operating profit ÷ Sales
= 100 × ÷ =
| Segment profitability ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment profit margin | Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | Asia and South Pacific (APAC) segment profit margin ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Segment Profit Margin: Engineering
Linde plc; Engineering; segment profit margin calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Segment operating profit | |||||
| Sales | |||||
| Segment Profitability Ratio | |||||
| Segment profit margin1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment profit margin = 100 × Segment operating profit ÷ Sales
= 100 × ÷ =
| Segment profitability ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment profit margin | Engineering | Engineering segment profit margin ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Segment Capital Expenditures to Depreciation
Linde plc, capital expenditures to depreciation by reportable segment
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | |||||
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | |||||
| Engineering |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
| Segment financial ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation | Americas | Americas segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. | |
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | Asia and South Pacific (APAC) segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly improved from 2022 to 2023. | |
| Engineering | Engineering segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Segment Capital Expenditures to Depreciation: Americas
Linde plc; Americas; segment capital expenditures to depreciation calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Capital expenditures and acquisitions | |||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization | |||||
| Segment Financial Ratio | |||||
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment capital expenditures to depreciation = Capital expenditures and acquisitions ÷ Segment depreciation and amortization
= ÷ =
| Segment financial ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation | Americas | Americas segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Segment Capital Expenditures to Depreciation: Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)
Linde plc; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); segment capital expenditures to depreciation calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Capital expenditures and acquisitions | |||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization | |||||
| Segment Financial Ratio | |||||
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment capital expenditures to depreciation = Capital expenditures and acquisitions ÷ Segment depreciation and amortization
= ÷ =
| Segment financial ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation | Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Segment Capital Expenditures to Depreciation: Asia and South Pacific (APAC)
Linde plc; Asia and South Pacific (APAC); segment capital expenditures to depreciation calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Capital expenditures and acquisitions | |||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization | |||||
| Segment Financial Ratio | |||||
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment capital expenditures to depreciation = Capital expenditures and acquisitions ÷ Segment depreciation and amortization
= ÷ =
| Segment financial ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation | Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | Asia and South Pacific (APAC) segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly improved from 2022 to 2023. |
Segment Capital Expenditures to Depreciation: Engineering
Linde plc; Engineering; segment capital expenditures to depreciation calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Capital expenditures and acquisitions | |||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization | |||||
| Segment Financial Ratio | |||||
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation1 | |||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Segment capital expenditures to depreciation = Capital expenditures and acquisitions ÷ Segment depreciation and amortization
= ÷ =
| Segment financial ratio | Reportable segment | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Segment capital expenditures to depreciation | Engineering | Engineering segment capital expenditures to depreciation ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Sales
Linde plc, sales by reportable segment
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | |||||
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | |||||
| Industrial Gases | |||||
| Engineering | |||||
| Other | |||||
| Total segments |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Segment operating profit
Linde plc, segment operating profit by reportable segment
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | |||||
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | |||||
| Industrial Gases | |||||
| Engineering | |||||
| Other | |||||
| Total segments |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Segment depreciation and amortization
Linde plc, segment depreciation and amortization by reportable segment
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | |||||
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | |||||
| Industrial Gases | |||||
| Engineering | |||||
| Other | |||||
| Total segments |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Capital expenditures and acquisitions
Linde plc, capital expenditures and acquisitions by reportable segment
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) | |||||
| Asia and South Pacific (APAC) | |||||
| Industrial Gases | |||||
| Engineering | |||||
| Other | |||||
| Total segments |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).