Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Ford Motor Co., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 6,733) | 3,005) | 2,786) | 11,380) | (428) | |
| Invested capital2 | 186,730) | 173,985) | 164,218) | 160,105) | 170,559) | |
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| ROIC3 | 3.61% | 1.73% | 1.70% | 7.11% | -0.25% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | 5.42% | 6.32% | 5.94% | 8.31% | 5.15% | |
| Tesla Inc. | 13.07% | 19.02% | 29.98% | 17.93% | 5.84% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2024 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 6,733 ÷ 186,730 = 3.61%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | Ford Motor Co. ROIC improved from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |
Decomposition of ROIC
Ford Motor Co., decomposition of ROIC
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the increase in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2024 year is the increase in profitability measured by operating profit margin (OPM) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Ford Motor Co., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 6,733) | 3,005) | 2,786) | 11,380) | (428) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 918) | 1,245) | 2,693) | (862) | 680) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 7,650) | 4,250) | 5,479) | 10,518) | 252) | |
| Company revenues excluding Ford Credit | 172,706) | 165,901) | 149,079) | 126,268) | 115,941) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | 675) | 279) | 255) | 312) | 438) | |
| Adjusted company revenues excluding Ford Credit | 173,381) | 166,180) | 149,334) | 126,580) | 116,379) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| OPM3 | 4.41% | 2.56% | 3.67% | 8.31% | 0.22% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | 6.76% | 8.21% | 8.16% | 12.91% | 8.22% | |
| Tesla Inc. | 10.19% | 12.73% | 19.64% | 14.93% | 8.50% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2024 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Adjusted company revenues excluding Ford Credit
= 100 × 7,650 ÷ 173,381 = 4.41%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | Ford Motor Co. OPM deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then improved from 2023 to 2024 exceeding 2022 level. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
Ford Motor Co., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Company revenues excluding Ford Credit | 172,706) | 165,901) | 149,079) | 126,268) | 115,941) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | 675) | 279) | 255) | 312) | 438) | |
| Adjusted company revenues excluding Ford Credit | 173,381) | 166,180) | 149,334) | 126,580) | 116,379) | |
| Invested capital1 | 186,730) | 173,985) | 164,218) | 160,105) | 170,559) | |
| Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
| TO2 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.68 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.68 | 0.71 | |
| Tesla Inc. | 1.45 | 1.65 | 1.66 | 1.36 | 0.81 | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2024 Calculation
TO = Adjusted company revenues excluding Ford Credit ÷ Invested capital
= 173,381 ÷ 186,730 = 0.93
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | Ford Motor Co. TO improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024 not reaching 2022 level. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
Ford Motor Co., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 6,733) | 3,005) | 2,786) | 11,380) | (428) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 918) | 1,245) | 2,693) | (862) | 680) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 7,650) | 4,250) | 5,479) | 10,518) | 252) | |
| Tax Rate | ||||||
| CTR3 | 12.00% | 29.29% | 49.15% | -8.20% | 269.76% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | 10.04% | 12.01% | 13.43% | 5.03% | 11.67% | |
| Tesla Inc. | 11.65% | 9.65% | 8.24% | 11.48% | 15.54% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2024 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × 918 ÷ 7,650 = 12.00%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Tax rate | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | Ford Motor Co. CTR decreased from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |