Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company ability to meet long-term obligations.
Solvency Ratios (Summary)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. | General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. financial leverage ratio decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | General Motors Co. interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | General Motors Co. fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Debt to Equity
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 38,968) | 38,778) | 33,720) | 36,913) | 37,400) | |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 82,773) | 75,921) | 75,659) | 72,981) | 65,924) | |
Total debt | 121,741) | 114,699) | 109,379) | 109,894) | 103,324) | |
Stockholders’ equity | 64,286) | 67,792) | 59,744) | 45,030) | 41,792) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Debt to equity1 | 1.89 | 1.69 | 1.83 | 2.44 | 2.47 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 3.49 | 3.21 | 2.85 | 5.27 | 4.68 | |
Tesla Inc. | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.53 | 2.03 | |
Debt to Equity, Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 1.63 | 1.65 | 1.84 | 2.89 | 3.33 | |
Debt to Equity, Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 1.37 | 1.54 | 1.52 | 2.37 | 2.78 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 121,741 ÷ 64,286 = 1.89
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
General Motors Co., debt to equity (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 38,968) | 38,778) | 33,720) | 36,913) | 37,400) | |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 82,773) | 75,921) | 75,659) | 72,981) | 65,924) | |
Total debt | 121,741) | 114,699) | 109,379) | 109,894) | 103,324) | |
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) | 264) | 247) | 204) | 209) | 239) | |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 907) | 967) | 1,012) | 969) | 1,010) | |
Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 122,912) | 115,913) | 110,595) | 111,072) | 104,573) | |
Stockholders’ equity | 64,286) | 67,792) | 59,744) | 45,030) | 41,792) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability)1 | 1.91 | 1.71 | 1.85 | 2.47 | 2.50 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 3.53 | 3.25 | 2.87 | 5.31 | 4.72 | |
Tesla Inc. | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.60 | 2.21 | |
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 1.67 | 1.68 | 1.87 | 2.93 | 3.38 | |
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 1.72 | 1.94 | 1.90 | 2.84 | 3.08 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 122,912 ÷ 64,286 = 1.91
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Capital
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 38,968) | 38,778) | 33,720) | 36,913) | 37,400) | |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 82,773) | 75,921) | 75,659) | 72,981) | 65,924) | |
Total debt | 121,741) | 114,699) | 109,379) | 109,894) | 103,324) | |
Stockholders’ equity | 64,286) | 67,792) | 59,744) | 45,030) | 41,792) | |
Total capital | 186,027) | 182,491) | 169,123) | 154,924) | 145,116) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Debt to capital1 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.71 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.82 | |
Tesla Inc. | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.67 | |
Debt to Capital, Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.77 | |
Debt to Capital, Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.74 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= 121,741 ÷ 186,027 = 0.65
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
General Motors Co., debt to capital (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 38,968) | 38,778) | 33,720) | 36,913) | 37,400) | |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 82,773) | 75,921) | 75,659) | 72,981) | 65,924) | |
Total debt | 121,741) | 114,699) | 109,379) | 109,894) | 103,324) | |
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) | 264) | 247) | 204) | 209) | 239) | |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 907) | 967) | 1,012) | 969) | 1,010) | |
Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 122,912) | 115,913) | 110,595) | 111,072) | 104,573) | |
Stockholders’ equity | 64,286) | 67,792) | 59,744) | 45,030) | 41,792) | |
Total capital (including operating lease liability) | 187,198) | 183,705) | 170,339) | 156,102) | 146,365) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.71 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.83 | |
Tesla Inc. | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.69 | |
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.77 | |
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.76 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total capital (including operating lease liability)
= 122,912 ÷ 187,198 = 0.66
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023. |
Debt to Assets
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 38,968) | 38,778) | 33,720) | 36,913) | 37,400) | |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 82,773) | 75,921) | 75,659) | 72,981) | 65,924) | |
Total debt | 121,741) | 114,699) | 109,379) | 109,894) | 103,324) | |
Total assets | 273,064) | 264,037) | 244,718) | 235,194) | 228,037) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Debt to assets1 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.45 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.60 | |
Tesla Inc. | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.39 | |
Debt to Assets, Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.51 | 0.52 | |
Debt to Assets, Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.45 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= 121,741 ÷ 273,064 = 0.45
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
General Motors Co., debt to assets (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 38,968) | 38,778) | 33,720) | 36,913) | 37,400) | |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 82,773) | 75,921) | 75,659) | 72,981) | 65,924) | |
Total debt | 121,741) | 114,699) | 109,379) | 109,894) | 103,324) | |
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) | 264) | 247) | 204) | 209) | 239) | |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 907) | 967) | 1,012) | 969) | 1,010) | |
Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 122,912) | 115,913) | 110,595) | 111,072) | 104,573) | |
Total assets | 273,064) | 264,037) | 244,718) | 235,194) | 228,037) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.46 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.61 | |
Tesla Inc. | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.43 | |
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.52 | 0.53 | |
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total assets
= 122,912 ÷ 273,064 = 0.45
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. | General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Financial Leverage
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Total assets | 273,064) | 264,037) | 244,718) | 235,194) | 228,037) | |
Stockholders’ equity | 64,286) | 67,792) | 59,744) | 45,030) | 41,792) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Financial leverage1 | 4.25 | 3.89 | 4.10 | 5.22 | 5.46 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 6.39 | 5.92 | 5.30 | 8.71 | 7.79 | |
Tesla Inc. | 1.70 | 1.84 | 2.06 | 2.35 | 5.18 | |
Financial Leverage, Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 3.85 | 3.87 | 4.07 | 5.66 | 6.38 | |
Financial Leverage, Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 4.00 | 4.38 | 4.26 | 5.72 | 6.22 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 273,064 ÷ 64,286 = 4.25
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | General Motors Co. financial leverage ratio decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Interest Coverage
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Net income attributable to stockholders | 10,127) | 9,934) | 10,019) | 6,427) | 6,732) | |
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | (287) | (226) | (74) | (106) | (65) | |
Add: Income tax expense | 563) | 1,889) | 2,771) | 1,774) | 769) | |
Add: Automotive interest expense | 911) | 987) | 950) | 1,098) | 782) | |
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | 11,314) | 12,584) | 13,666) | 9,193) | 8,218) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Interest coverage1 | 12.42 | 12.75 | 14.39 | 8.37 | 10.51 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Interest Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 4.05 | -1.40 | 10.86 | 0.32 | 0.37 | |
Tesla Inc. | 64.93 | 72.83 | 18.10 | 2.54 | 0.03 | |
Interest Coverage, Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 11.28 | 10.15 | 12.79 | 3.33 | 3.47 | |
Interest Coverage, Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 12.27 | 9.45 | 13.29 | 7.81 | 9.65 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Interest coverage = EBIT ÷ Interest expense
= 11,314 ÷ 911 = 12.42
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | General Motors Co. interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Fixed Charge Coverage
Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | 21.00% | 21.00% | 21.00% | 21.00% | 21.00% | |
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Net income attributable to stockholders | 10,127) | 9,934) | 10,019) | 6,427) | 6,732) | |
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | (287) | (226) | (74) | (106) | (65) | |
Add: Income tax expense | 563) | 1,889) | 2,771) | 1,774) | 769) | |
Add: Automotive interest expense | 911) | 987) | 950) | 1,098) | 782) | |
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | 11,314) | 12,584) | 13,666) | 9,193) | 8,218) | |
Add: Rent expense under operating leases | 346) | 317) | 294) | 317) | 354) | |
Earnings before fixed charges and tax | 11,660) | 12,901) | 13,960) | 9,510) | 8,572) | |
Automotive interest expense | 911) | 987) | 950) | 1,098) | 782) | |
Rent expense under operating leases | 346) | 317) | 294) | 317) | 354) | |
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock | 105) | 1,019) | 182) | 180) | 151) | |
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock, tax adjustment1 | 28) | 271) | 48) | 48) | 40) | |
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock, after tax adjustment | 133) | 1,290) | 230) | 228) | 191) | |
Fixed charges | 1,390) | 2,594) | 1,474) | 1,643) | 1,327) | |
Solvency Ratio | ||||||
Fixed charge coverage2 | 8.39 | 4.97 | 9.47 | 5.79 | 6.46 | |
Benchmarks | ||||||
Fixed Charge Coverage, Competitors3 | ||||||
Ford Motor Co. | 3.11 | -0.75 | 8.91 | 0.47 | 0.57 | |
Tesla Inc. | 8.62 | 14.87 | 7.36 | 1.96 | 0.40 | |
Fixed Charge Coverage, Sector | ||||||
Automobiles & Components | 6.28 | 4.96 | 8.76 | 2.60 | 2.51 | |
Fixed Charge Coverage, Industry | ||||||
Consumer Discretionary | 4.98 | 3.70 | 5.63 | 3.72 | 4.20 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock, tax adjustment = (Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock × U.S. federal statutory income tax rate) ÷ (1 − U.S. federal statutory income tax rate)
= (105 × 21.00%) ÷ (1 − 21.00%) = 28
2 2023 Calculation
Fixed charge coverage = Earnings before fixed charges and tax ÷ Fixed charges
= 11,660 ÷ 1,390 = 8.39
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | General Motors Co. fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |