Stock Analysis on Net

General Motors Co. (NYSE:GM)

Analysis of Solvency Ratios 

Microsoft Excel

Solvency Ratios (Summary)

General Motors Co., solvency ratios

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Debt Ratios
Debt to equity 1.89 1.69 1.83 2.44 2.47
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) 1.91 1.71 1.85 2.47 2.50
Debt to capital 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.71 0.71
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) 0.66 0.63 0.65 0.71 0.71
Debt to assets 0.45 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.45
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.46
Financial leverage 4.25 3.89 4.10 5.22 5.46
Coverage Ratios
Interest coverage 12.42 12.75 14.39 8.37 10.51
Fixed charge coverage 8.39 4.97 9.47 5.79 6.46

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to equity ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.
Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.
Debt to capital ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.
Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.
Debt to assets ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.
Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.
Financial leverage ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. financial leverage ratio decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Interest coverage ratio A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. General Motors Co. interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Fixed charge coverage ratio A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. General Motors Co. fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

Debt to Equity

General Motors Co., debt to equity calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 38,968 38,778 33,720 36,913 37,400
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 82,773 75,921 75,659 72,981 65,924
Total debt 121,741 114,699 109,379 109,894 103,324
 
Stockholders’ equity 64,286 67,792 59,744 45,030 41,792
Solvency Ratio
Debt to equity1 1.89 1.69 1.83 2.44 2.47
Benchmarks
Debt to Equity, Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 3.49 3.21 2.85 5.27 4.68
Tesla Inc. 0.08 0.07 0.23 0.53 2.03
Debt to Equity, Sector
Automobiles & Components 1.63 1.65 1.84 2.89 3.33
Debt to Equity, Industry
Consumer Discretionary 1.37 1.54 1.52 2.37 2.78

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 121,741 ÷ 64,286 = 1.89

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to equity ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.

Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)

General Motors Co., debt to equity (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 38,968 38,778 33,720 36,913 37,400
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 82,773 75,921 75,659 72,981 65,924
Total debt 121,741 114,699 109,379 109,894 103,324
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) 264 247 204 209 239
Non-current operating lease liabilities 907 967 1,012 969 1,010
Total debt (including operating lease liability) 122,912 115,913 110,595 111,072 104,573
 
Stockholders’ equity 64,286 67,792 59,744 45,030 41,792
Solvency Ratio
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability)1 1.91 1.71 1.85 2.47 2.50
Benchmarks
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 3.53 3.25 2.87 5.31 4.72
Tesla Inc. 0.15 0.13 0.29 0.60 2.21
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector
Automobiles & Components 1.67 1.68 1.87 2.93 3.38
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry
Consumer Discretionary 1.72 1.94 1.90 2.84 3.08

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 122,912 ÷ 64,286 = 1.91

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.

Debt to Capital

General Motors Co., debt to capital calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 38,968 38,778 33,720 36,913 37,400
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 82,773 75,921 75,659 72,981 65,924
Total debt 121,741 114,699 109,379 109,894 103,324
Stockholders’ equity 64,286 67,792 59,744 45,030 41,792
Total capital 186,027 182,491 169,123 154,924 145,116
Solvency Ratio
Debt to capital1 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.71 0.71
Benchmarks
Debt to Capital, Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.84 0.82
Tesla Inc. 0.08 0.06 0.18 0.34 0.67
Debt to Capital, Sector
Automobiles & Components 0.62 0.62 0.65 0.74 0.77
Debt to Capital, Industry
Consumer Discretionary 0.58 0.61 0.60 0.70 0.74

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= 121,741 ÷ 186,027 = 0.65

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to capital ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.

Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)

General Motors Co., debt to capital (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 38,968 38,778 33,720 36,913 37,400
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 82,773 75,921 75,659 72,981 65,924
Total debt 121,741 114,699 109,379 109,894 103,324
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) 264 247 204 209 239
Non-current operating lease liabilities 907 967 1,012 969 1,010
Total debt (including operating lease liability) 122,912 115,913 110,595 111,072 104,573
Stockholders’ equity 64,286 67,792 59,744 45,030 41,792
Total capital (including operating lease liability) 187,198 183,705 170,339 156,102 146,365
Solvency Ratio
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability)1 0.66 0.63 0.65 0.71 0.71
Benchmarks
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.84 0.83
Tesla Inc. 0.13 0.11 0.23 0.37 0.69
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector
Automobiles & Components 0.63 0.63 0.65 0.75 0.77
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry
Consumer Discretionary 0.63 0.66 0.65 0.74 0.76

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total capital (including operating lease liability)
= 122,912 ÷ 187,198 = 0.66

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then deteriorated significantly from 2022 to 2023.

Debt to Assets

General Motors Co., debt to assets calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 38,968 38,778 33,720 36,913 37,400
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 82,773 75,921 75,659 72,981 65,924
Total debt 121,741 114,699 109,379 109,894 103,324
 
Total assets 273,064 264,037 244,718 235,194 228,037
Solvency Ratio
Debt to assets1 0.45 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.45
Benchmarks
Debt to Assets, Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.60 0.60
Tesla Inc. 0.05 0.04 0.11 0.22 0.39
Debt to Assets, Sector
Automobiles & Components 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.51 0.52
Debt to Assets, Industry
Consumer Discretionary 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.41 0.45

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= 121,741 ÷ 273,064 = 0.45

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to assets ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)

General Motors Co., debt to assets (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 38,968 38,778 33,720 36,913 37,400
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 82,773 75,921 75,659 72,981 65,924
Total debt 121,741 114,699 109,379 109,894 103,324
Current operating lease liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) 264 247 204 209 239
Non-current operating lease liabilities 907 967 1,012 969 1,010
Total debt (including operating lease liability) 122,912 115,913 110,595 111,072 104,573
 
Total assets 273,064 264,037 244,718 235,194 228,037
Solvency Ratio
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability)1 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.46
Benchmarks
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.61 0.61
Tesla Inc. 0.09 0.07 0.14 0.25 0.43
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector
Automobiles & Components 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.52 0.53
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry
Consumer Discretionary 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.50 0.50

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total assets
= 122,912 ÷ 273,064 = 0.45

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. General Motors Co. debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.

Financial Leverage

General Motors Co., financial leverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total assets 273,064 264,037 244,718 235,194 228,037
Stockholders’ equity 64,286 67,792 59,744 45,030 41,792
Solvency Ratio
Financial leverage1 4.25 3.89 4.10 5.22 5.46
Benchmarks
Financial Leverage, Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 6.39 5.92 5.30 8.71 7.79
Tesla Inc. 1.70 1.84 2.06 2.35 5.18
Financial Leverage, Sector
Automobiles & Components 3.85 3.87 4.07 5.66 6.38
Financial Leverage, Industry
Consumer Discretionary 4.00 4.38 4.26 5.72 6.22

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 273,064 ÷ 64,286 = 4.25

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Financial leverage ratio A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co. financial leverage ratio decreased from 2021 to 2022 but then increased from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.

Interest Coverage

General Motors Co., interest coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net income attributable to stockholders 10,127 9,934 10,019 6,427 6,732
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (287) (226) (74) (106) (65)
Add: Income tax expense 563 1,889 2,771 1,774 769
Add: Automotive interest expense 911 987 950 1,098 782
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) 11,314 12,584 13,666 9,193 8,218
Solvency Ratio
Interest coverage1 12.42 12.75 14.39 8.37 10.51
Benchmarks
Interest Coverage, Competitors2
Ford Motor Co. 4.05 -1.40 10.86 0.32 0.37
Tesla Inc. 64.93 72.83 18.10 2.54 0.03
Interest Coverage, Sector
Automobiles & Components 11.28 10.15 12.79 3.33 3.47
Interest Coverage, Industry
Consumer Discretionary 12.27 9.45 13.29 7.81 9.65

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Interest coverage = EBIT ÷ Interest expense
= 11,314 ÷ 911 = 12.42

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Interest coverage ratio A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. General Motors Co. interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Fixed Charge Coverage

General Motors Co., fixed charge coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net income attributable to stockholders 10,127 9,934 10,019 6,427 6,732
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (287) (226) (74) (106) (65)
Add: Income tax expense 563 1,889 2,771 1,774 769
Add: Automotive interest expense 911 987 950 1,098 782
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) 11,314 12,584 13,666 9,193 8,218
Add: Rent expense under operating leases 346 317 294 317 354
Earnings before fixed charges and tax 11,660 12,901 13,960 9,510 8,572
 
Automotive interest expense 911 987 950 1,098 782
Rent expense under operating leases 346 317 294 317 354
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock 105 1,019 182 180 151
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock, tax adjustment1 28 271 48 48 40
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock, after tax adjustment 133 1,290 230 228 191
Fixed charges 1,390 2,594 1,474 1,643 1,327
Solvency Ratio
Fixed charge coverage2 8.39 4.97 9.47 5.79 6.46
Benchmarks
Fixed Charge Coverage, Competitors3
Ford Motor Co. 3.11 -0.75 8.91 0.47 0.57
Tesla Inc. 8.62 14.87 7.36 1.96 0.40
Fixed Charge Coverage, Sector
Automobiles & Components 6.28 4.96 8.76 2.60 2.51
Fixed Charge Coverage, Industry
Consumer Discretionary 4.98 3.70 5.63 3.72 4.20

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

1 2023 Calculation
Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock, tax adjustment = (Cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock × U.S. federal statutory income tax rate) ÷ (1 − U.S. federal statutory income tax rate)
= (105 × 21.00%) ÷ (1 − 21.00%) = 28

2 2023 Calculation
Fixed charge coverage = Earnings before fixed charges and tax ÷ Fixed charges
= 11,660 ÷ 1,390 = 8.39

3 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Solvency ratio Description The company
Fixed charge coverage ratio A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. General Motors Co. fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level.