Analysis of Operating Leases
An operating lease is treated like a rental contract. Neither the leased asset nor the associated liability is reported on the lessee balance sheet, but the rights may be very similar to the rights of an owner. The lessee only records the lease payments as a rental expense in income statement.
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Adjustments to Financial Statements for Operating Leases
International Business Machines Corp., adjustments to financial statements
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1, 2 Equal to total present value of future operating lease payments.
International Business Machines Corp., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Financial Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)
International Business Machines Corp., adjusted financial ratios
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
| Adjusted debt to equity | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp. adjusted debt to equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
International Business Machines Corp., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
2023 Calculations
1 Total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =
| Activity ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
Adjusted Debt to Equity
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
2023 Calculations
1 Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted debt to equity = Adjusted total debt ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted debt-to-equity | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp. adjusted debt-to-equity ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
2023 Calculations
1 ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |