Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Profitability ratios measure the company ability to generate profitable sales from its resources (assets).
Profitability Ratios (Summary)
International Business Machines Corp., profitability ratios
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Gross profit margin | Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures. | International Business Machines Corp. gross profit margin ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |
| Operating profit margin | A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. operating profit margin ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
| Net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. net profit margin ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp. ROE improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
| ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. ROA improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
Gross Profit Margin
International Business Machines Corp., gross profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Gross profit | 35,551) | 34,300) | 32,687) | 31,486) | 35,575) | |
| Revenue | 62,753) | 61,860) | 60,530) | 57,350) | 73,620) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| Gross profit margin1 | 56.65% | 55.45% | 54.00% | 54.90% | 48.32% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Gross Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 32.61% | 32.34% | 31.99% | 32.38% | 31.53% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 89.04% | 87.87% | 87.70% | 88.18% | 86.62% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | 86.05% | 89.36% | 89.57% | 89.73% | 88.61% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 75.27% | 73.17% | 73.60% | 73.75% | 70.58% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 78.72% | 78.13% | 81.09% | 82.53% | 82.05% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 69.76% | 68.92% | 68.40% | 68.93% | 67.78% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 71.41% | 72.85% | 79.08% | 80.59% | 79.68% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | 80.25% | 80.62% | 78.56% | 77.99% | 67.74% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 74.35% | 72.29% | 68.76% | 70.05% | 70.68% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 75.50% | 73.34% | 73.48% | 74.41% | 75.23% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 79.18% | 78.59% | 78.29% | 77.05% | 78.16% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 79.68% | 79.08% | 79.07% | 79.50% | 78.44% | |
| Workday Inc. | 75.60% | 72.41% | 72.21% | 72.25% | 70.63% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Gross profit margin = 100 × Gross profit ÷ Revenue
= 100 × 35,551 ÷ 62,753 = 56.65%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Gross profit margin | Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures. | International Business Machines Corp. gross profit margin ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024. |
Operating Profit Margin
International Business Machines Corp., operating profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Operating income | 9,380) | 9,382) | 8,174) | 6,865) | 6,786) | |
| Revenue | 62,753) | 61,860) | 60,530) | 57,350) | 73,620) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| Operating profit margin1 | 14.95% | 15.17% | 13.50% | 11.97% | 9.22% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Operating Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 14.79% | 13.74% | 15.21% | 15.08% | 14.69% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 31.35% | 34.26% | 34.64% | 36.76% | 32.93% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | 29.10% | 30.59% | 30.15% | 26.07% | 24.06% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | -0.07% | -8.48% | -9.82% | -10.58% | -30.34% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 22.29% | 21.86% | 20.20% | 25.95% | 28.34% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 44.64% | 41.77% | 42.06% | 41.59% | 37.03% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 28.99% | 26.21% | 25.74% | 37.58% | 35.57% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | 10.83% | 5.39% | -8.46% | -26.66% | -107.41% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 8.52% | 5.62% | -3.43% | -7.15% | -5.25% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 14.38% | 3.29% | 2.07% | 2.14% | 1.74% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 12.42% | 8.49% | 4.90% | 4.36% | 4.40% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 22.13% | 21.72% | 22.87% | 17.48% | 16.83% | |
| Workday Inc. | 2.52% | -3.57% | -2.27% | -5.76% | -13.85% | |
| Operating Profit Margin, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 30.37% | 27.38% | 27.37% | 28.17% | 24.17% | |
| Operating Profit Margin, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 26.60% | 24.47% | 26.42% | 26.71% | 22.69% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Operating profit margin = 100 × Operating income ÷ Revenue
= 100 × 9,380 ÷ 62,753 = 14.95%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Operating profit margin | A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. operating profit margin ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
Net Profit Margin
International Business Machines Corp., net profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | 6,023) | 7,502) | 1,639) | 5,743) | 5,590) | |
| Revenue | 62,753) | 61,860) | 60,530) | 57,350) | 73,620) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| Net profit margin1 | 9.60% | 12.13% | 2.71% | 10.01% | 7.59% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Net Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 11.19% | 10.72% | 11.17% | 11.69% | 11.52% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 25.85% | 27.97% | 27.01% | 30.55% | 40.88% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | 22.74% | 25.46% | 23.84% | 23.29% | 22.02% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 2.92% | -8.18% | -16.18% | -10.59% | -29.45% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 18.19% | 16.59% | 16.23% | 21.41% | 23.78% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 35.96% | 34.15% | 36.69% | 36.45% | 30.96% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 19.76% | 17.02% | 15.83% | 33.96% | 25.94% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | 16.13% | 9.43% | -19.61% | -33.75% | -106.75% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 32.11% | 6.38% | -4.85% | -11.72% | -7.83% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 11.87% | 0.66% | 5.45% | 19.16% | 0.74% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 12.97% | 19.30% | 4.49% | 3.90% | 2.62% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 36.94% | 21.05% | 19.38% | 18.02% | 18.03% | |
| Workday Inc. | 19.02% | -5.90% | 0.57% | -6.54% | -13.25% | |
| Net Profit Margin, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 24.72% | 21.93% | 21.70% | 25.29% | 20.06% | |
| Net Profit Margin, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 20.72% | 20.39% | 22.45% | 23.61% | 19.67% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Revenue
= 100 × 6,023 ÷ 62,753 = 9.60%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. net profit margin ratio improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
Return on Equity (ROE)
International Business Machines Corp., ROE calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | 6,023) | 7,502) | 1,639) | 5,743) | 5,590) | |
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | 27,307) | 22,533) | 21,944) | 18,901) | 20,597) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| ROE1 | 22.06% | 33.29% | 7.47% | 30.38% | 27.14% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROE, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 25.68% | 26.75% | 31.11% | 30.25% | 30.05% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 39.42% | 32.86% | 33.85% | 32.59% | 39.66% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | 22.58% | 30.58% | 30.93% | 25.39% | 23.69% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 3.88% | -12.52% | -22.89% | -10.64% | -19.10% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 16.07% | 13.81% | 12.57% | 20.89% | 35.76% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 32.83% | 35.09% | 43.68% | 43.15% | 37.43% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 120.26% | 792.45% | — | 262.43% | 83.94% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | 9.24% | 6.04% | -14.57% | -22.71% | -76.61% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 49.86% | 25.15% | -127.14% | -78.63% | -24.23% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 6.93% | 0.36% | 2.48% | 9.81% | 0.37% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 14.83% | 22.69% | 6.46% | 6.22% | 4.18% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 25.17% | 20.01% | 17.85% | 14.31% | 13.54% | |
| Workday Inc. | 17.09% | -6.57% | 0.65% | -8.62% | -19.33% | |
| ROE, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 28.54% | 28.47% | 31.01% | 36.18% | 30.32% | |
| ROE, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 29.38% | 31.90% | 39.03% | 42.37% | 35.70% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= 100 × 6,023 ÷ 27,307 = 22.06%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp. ROE improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |
Return on Assets (ROA)
International Business Machines Corp., ROA calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | 6,023) | 7,502) | 1,639) | 5,743) | 5,590) | |
| Total assets | 137,175) | 135,241) | 127,243) | 132,001) | 155,971) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| ROA1 | 4.39% | 5.55% | 1.29% | 4.35% | 3.58% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROA, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 12.99% | 13.41% | 14.55% | 13.68% | 13.78% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 18.39% | 18.23% | 17.51% | 17.70% | 21.66% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | 11.76% | 18.36% | 16.53% | 15.87% | 14.95% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 1.34% | -3.65% | -6.49% | -3.39% | -10.09% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 9.22% | 8.58% | 7.45% | 13.29% | 16.70% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 17.21% | 17.56% | 19.94% | 18.36% | 14.70% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 7.42% | 6.33% | 6.15% | 10.48% | 8.78% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | 7.29% | 4.64% | -10.80% | -16.02% | -43.35% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 12.89% | 3.03% | -2.18% | -4.87% | -2.95% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 4.14% | 0.21% | 1.52% | 6.14% | 0.23% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 6.99% | 9.96% | 2.44% | 2.13% | 1.36% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 17.31% | 11.90% | 10.45% | 8.66% | 8.27% | |
| Workday Inc. | 8.39% | -2.72% | 0.28% | -3.24% | -7.05% | |
| ROA, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 12.16% | 11.18% | 11.39% | 12.27% | 9.67% | |
| ROA, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 11.99% | 12.51% | 14.57% | 14.66% | 11.45% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 2024 Calculation
ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total assets
= 100 × 6,023 ÷ 137,175 = 4.39%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. ROA improved from 2022 to 2023 but then slightly deteriorated from 2023 to 2024. |