Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data
Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company ability to meet long-term obligations.
Solvency Ratios (Summary)
Adobe Inc., solvency ratios (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
The solvency ratios presented demonstrate a generally stable financial position initially, followed by a noticeable increase in leverage over the observed period. Throughout the first three years (March 2021 – December 2022), the ratios indicate a consistent, relatively low level of debt relative to equity, capital, and assets. However, beginning in early 2023, a clear upward trend emerges in most debt ratios, continuing through the latest reporting period (November 2025). While interest coverage remains robust, it also exhibits a declining trend concurrent with the increasing debt levels.
- Debt to Equity
- The debt to equity ratio remained relatively stable between 0.30 and 0.28 from March 2021 to December 2021. A gradual decline was observed through December 2022, reaching a low of 0.22. Starting in March 2023, the ratio began to increase, accelerating in the latter half of the period, culminating in a value of 0.53 in both August and November 2025. This represents a significant increase in the proportion of debt financing compared to equity.
- Debt to Equity (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- This ratio mirrors the trend of the standard debt to equity ratio, remaining between 0.35 and 0.32 for the initial period. A similar decline to 0.25 was seen by December 2022. The subsequent increase, beginning in March 2023, is more pronounced, reaching 0.56 in August 2025 and 0.57 in November 2025. The inclusion of operating lease liabilities amplifies the observed increase in leverage.
- Debt to Capital
- The debt to capital ratio followed a similar pattern, fluctuating between 0.23 and 0.22 initially, decreasing to 0.18 by December 2022, and then increasing to 0.35 by November 2025. This indicates a growing reliance on debt as a proportion of the company’s total capital structure.
- Debt to Capital (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- This ratio exhibited a comparable trend to the standard debt to capital ratio, with values ranging from 0.26 to 0.24 in the early period, declining to 0.20 by December 2022, and rising to 0.36 by November 2025. Again, including operating lease liabilities results in a higher ratio, highlighting the impact of these obligations on overall leverage.
- Debt to Assets
- The debt to assets ratio remained relatively stable around 0.16 to 0.15 from March 2021 to December 2022. A clear upward trend began in March 2023, reaching 0.21 by November 2025. This suggests an increasing proportion of assets are financed by debt.
- Debt to Assets (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- Similar to other debt ratios, this metric showed stability in the initial period (0.19 to 0.17) followed by a consistent increase, reaching 0.23 by November 2025. The inclusion of operating lease liabilities consistently results in a higher ratio compared to the standard debt to assets ratio.
- Financial Leverage
- Financial leverage, measured as total assets to total equity, increased steadily throughout the period. Starting at 1.84 in March 2021, it rose to 2.54 by September 2023, and continued to increase, reaching 2.54 in November 2025. This indicates a growing reliance on assets financed by debt.
- Interest Coverage
- The interest coverage ratio, while consistently high, demonstrates a declining trend. Starting at 42.50 in March 2021, it increased to a peak of 61.17 in December 2022, before decreasing to 34.21 by November 2025. Although still indicating a strong ability to cover interest expenses, the downward trend warrants monitoring, particularly in conjunction with the increasing debt levels.
In summary, the company experienced a period of stable solvency ratios followed by a significant increase in debt-related metrics. While interest coverage remains healthy, the observed trends suggest a growing reliance on debt financing, which could potentially increase financial risk if not managed effectively.
Debt Ratios
Coverage Ratios
Debt to Equity
Adobe Inc., debt to equity calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, current portion | —) | —) | —) | —) | 1,499) | 1,499) | 1,498) | 1,497) | —) | —) | —) | —) | 500) | 500) | 499) | 499) | —) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Debt, excluding current portion | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 4,129) | 4,128) | 4,127) | 2,138) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 3,629) | 3,627) | 3,627) | 3,626) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total debt | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 5,628) | 5,627) | 5,625) | 3,635) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 4,129) | 4,127) | 4,126) | 4,125) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 11,623) | 11,770) | 11,448) | 13,095) | 14,105) | 14,545) | 14,843) | 15,460) | 16,518) | 15,776) | 14,838) | 14,206) | 14,051) | 14,373) | 13,985) | 13,775) | 14,797) | 14,414) | 13,852) | 13,546) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to equity1 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.30 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 2.38 | 3.01 | 6.45 | 3.22 | 3.74 | 4.32 | 4.64 | 2.48 | 2.85 | 2.11 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.71 | 1.69 | 1.60 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.62 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.87 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 2.26 | 2.33 | 2.35 | 2.01 | 2.31 | 2.35 | 2.56 | 2.51 | 2.39 | 2.59 | 2.72 | 2.32 | 2.53 | 2.59 | 2.85 | 2.74 | 2.45 | 2.51 | 2.64 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.45 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.52 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 4.53 | 5.75 | 6.45 | 7.81 | 9.98 | 15.65 | 22.97 | 37.53 | 84.33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16.08 | 7.79 | 8.94 | 7.46 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.90 | 1.14 | 2.99 | 5.05 | 7.24 | 17.51 | 10.89 | 31.19 | 7.08 | 5.08 | 3.20 | 3.04 | 4.18 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.53 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.48 | 0.52 | 1.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.68 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 6,210 ÷ 11,623 = 0.53
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The debt to equity ratio for the analyzed period demonstrates a generally decreasing trend initially, followed by a significant increase in later periods. From March 2021 through November 2022, the ratio exhibited a gradual decline, indicating a strengthening equity position relative to debt. However, beginning in March 2023, the ratio began to rise, accelerating substantially in the latter half of 2024 and into the projected periods of 2025.
- Initial Decline (Mar 5, 2021 – Nov 29, 2022)
- The debt to equity ratio decreased from 0.30 in March 2021 to 0.22 in November 2022. This suggests the company was initially reducing its reliance on debt financing, potentially through retained earnings or equity issuance, while maintaining a relatively stable debt level. Stockholders’ equity generally increased during this period, contributing to the lower ratio.
- Subsequent Increase (Mar 3, 2023 – Nov 28, 2025)
- Starting in March 2023, the ratio began to increase, reaching 0.53 in November 2025. This increase is primarily driven by a combination of factors. While stockholders’ equity experienced some growth initially, it subsequently declined, and total debt increased significantly, particularly from May 2024 onwards. The most substantial increases in the ratio occurred between March 2024 and November 2025, indicating a more aggressive use of debt financing or a decrease in equity.
- Magnitude of Change
- The ratio nearly doubled from 0.22 in November 2022 to 0.53 in November 2025. This represents a substantial shift in the company’s capital structure, indicating a higher level of financial leverage. The increase from 0.38 in March 2024 to 0.53 in November 2025 is particularly noteworthy, suggesting a recent and rapid change in financing strategy.
- Debt and Equity Movements
- Total debt remained relatively stable between March 2021 and December 2022, fluctuating within a narrow range. However, a significant increase in total debt is observed from May 2024, continuing through the projected periods. Stockholders’ equity demonstrated growth until March 2023, after which it began to decline, contributing to the rising debt to equity ratio.
The observed trends suggest a shift in the company’s financial strategy. The initial period reflects a conservative approach to debt financing, while the later period indicates a greater willingness to utilize debt, potentially for investments, acquisitions, or share repurchases. Further investigation into the reasons behind these changes would be necessary to fully understand the implications for the company’s financial health.
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
Adobe Inc., debt to equity (including operating lease liability) calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, current portion | —) | —) | —) | —) | 1,499) | 1,499) | 1,498) | 1,497) | —) | —) | —) | —) | 500) | 500) | 499) | 499) | —) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Debt, excluding current portion | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 4,129) | 4,128) | 4,127) | 2,138) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 3,629) | 3,627) | 3,627) | 3,626) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total debt | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 5,628) | 5,627) | 5,625) | 3,635) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 4,129) | 4,127) | 4,126) | 4,125) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | 77) | 74) | 74) | 74) | 75) | 70) | 67) | 73) | 73) | 74) | 74) | 81) | 87) | 88) | 90) | 93) | 97) | 97) | 96) | 94) | ||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 361) | 362) | 323) | 334) | 353) | 381) | 398) | 378) | 373) | 389) | 408) | 415) | 417) | 426) | 442) | 447) | 453) | 466) | 477) | 494) | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 6,648) | 6,636) | 6,563) | 6,563) | 6,056) | 6,078) | 6,090) | 4,086) | 4,080) | 4,096) | 4,113) | 4,126) | 4,633) | 4,641) | 4,658) | 4,665) | 4,673) | 4,685) | 4,693) | 4,707) | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 11,623) | 11,770) | 11,448) | 13,095) | 14,105) | 14,545) | 14,843) | 15,460) | 16,518) | 15,776) | 14,838) | 14,206) | 14,051) | 14,373) | 13,985) | 13,775) | 14,797) | 14,414) | 13,852) | 13,546) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to equity (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.35 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.95 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 2.39 | 2.46 | 2.49 | 2.14 | 2.46 | 2.49 | 2.70 | 2.66 | 2.54 | 2.72 | 2.85 | 2.46 | 2.68 | 2.75 | 3.02 | 2.92 | 2.65 | 2.72 | 2.86 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.49 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.58 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 5.09 | 5.75 | 6.45 | 7.81 | 9.98 | 15.65 | 22.97 | 37.53 | 84.33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16.08 | 7.79 | 8.94 | 7.46 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.50 | 1.02 | 1.30 | 3.20 | 5.42 | 7.80 | 18.82 | 11.70 | 33.58 | 7.65 | 5.58 | 3.52 | 3.35 | 4.61 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.17 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.69 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.50 | 0.55 | 1.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.81 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 6,648 ÷ 11,623 = 0.57
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The debt to equity ratio, incorporating operating lease liabilities, exhibited a generally decreasing trend from March 2021 through November 2022, followed by a significant increase through November 2025. This indicates a shifting capital structure over the analyzed period.
- Initial Decreasing Trend (Mar 5, 2021 – Nov 2, 2022)
- From March 2021 to November 2022, the debt to equity ratio declined steadily, moving from 0.35 to 0.33. This suggests a period where equity growth outpaced debt accumulation, potentially indicating increased profitability or share issuance. The decrease, while consistent, was relatively moderate.
- Period of Stability (Dec 2, 2022 – Feb 28, 2025)
- The ratio remained relatively stable between December 2022 and February 2025, fluctuating between 0.29 and 0.50. This suggests a period of balanced financial leverage, with debt and equity growing at similar rates or a deliberate effort to maintain a specific capital structure.
- Significant Increase (Mar 1, 2024 – Nov 28, 2025)
- Beginning in March 2024, the debt to equity ratio experienced a substantial increase, rising from 0.26 to 0.57. This increase is particularly pronounced from May 2024 onwards. This suggests a significant increase in debt relative to equity, potentially due to increased borrowing for investments, acquisitions, or a decline in equity value. The ratio more than doubled over this period.
- Debt and Equity Movements
- Total debt, including operating lease liability, remained relatively stable between March 2021 and December 2022, fluctuating around the US$4.6-4.7 billion range. However, it increased significantly in May 2024 to approximately US$6.09 billion and continued to rise to US$6.648 billion by November 2025. Stockholders’ equity generally increased from March 2021 to September 2023, peaking at US$16.518 billion, before declining substantially to US$11.623 billion by November 2025. This divergence in the trends of debt and equity is the primary driver of the observed increase in the debt to equity ratio.
The observed trends suggest a shift in the company’s financial leverage, with a notable increase in reliance on debt financing in the latter part of the analyzed period. Further investigation into the reasons behind the increased debt and decreased equity would be necessary to fully understand the implications of these changes.
Debt to Capital
Adobe Inc., debt to capital calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, current portion | —) | —) | —) | —) | 1,499) | 1,499) | 1,498) | 1,497) | —) | —) | —) | —) | 500) | 500) | 499) | 499) | —) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Debt, excluding current portion | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 4,129) | 4,128) | 4,127) | 2,138) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 3,629) | 3,627) | 3,627) | 3,626) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total debt | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 5,628) | 5,627) | 5,625) | 3,635) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 4,129) | 4,127) | 4,126) | 4,125) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 11,623) | 11,770) | 11,448) | 13,095) | 14,105) | 14,545) | 14,843) | 15,460) | 16,518) | 15,776) | 14,838) | 14,206) | 14,051) | 14,373) | 13,985) | 13,775) | 14,797) | 14,414) | 13,852) | 13,546) | ||||||
| Total capital | 17,833) | 17,970) | 17,614) | 19,250) | 19,733) | 20,172) | 20,468) | 19,095) | 20,152) | 19,409) | 18,469) | 17,836) | 18,180) | 18,500) | 18,111) | 17,900) | 18,920) | 18,536) | 17,972) | 17,665) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to capital1 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.62 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.47 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.31 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.34 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.88 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.81 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.35 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.41 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= 6,210 ÷ 17,833 = 0.35
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The debt to capital ratio for the analyzed period demonstrates a generally stable profile with a notable increase in later quarters. Initially, the ratio fluctuated within a narrow range before exhibiting a clear upward trend. This analysis details these observations and potential implications.
- Initial Stability (Mar 5, 2021 – Dec 2, 2022)
- From March 5, 2021, through December 2, 2022, the debt to capital ratio remained relatively consistent, oscillating between 0.22 and 0.23. This indicates a stable capital structure during this period, with debt financing representing approximately 22-23% of total capital. Minor fluctuations within this range suggest routine adjustments in debt levels or capital base.
- Decreasing Leverage (Mar 3, 2023 – Nov 29, 2024)
- Beginning in March 3, 2023, a downward trend in the debt to capital ratio is observed. The ratio decreased from 0.20 to 0.29 over the subsequent quarters, reaching a low of 0.18 in November 2024. This suggests a period of deleveraging, potentially through debt repayment or an increase in equity capital. The decrease indicates a reduced reliance on debt financing.
- Increasing Leverage (Feb 28, 2025 – Nov 28, 2025)
- From February 28, 2025, the debt to capital ratio began to increase significantly. The ratio rose from 0.32 to 0.35, peaking at 0.35 in both August and November 2025. This indicates a renewed reliance on debt financing, potentially to fund acquisitions, investments, or to return capital to shareholders. The consistent increase over these quarters warrants further investigation into the underlying reasons for the shift in capital structure.
Overall, the observed pattern suggests a dynamic capital structure. While initially stable, the period demonstrates a phase of decreasing leverage followed by a recent increase. The latter trend, particularly the consistent ratio of 0.35 in the final three periods, suggests a potential strategic shift towards increased debt utilization. Continued monitoring of this ratio is recommended to assess the long-term implications of this change.
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
Adobe Inc., debt to capital (including operating lease liability) calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, current portion | —) | —) | —) | —) | 1,499) | 1,499) | 1,498) | 1,497) | —) | —) | —) | —) | 500) | 500) | 499) | 499) | —) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Debt, excluding current portion | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 4,129) | 4,128) | 4,127) | 2,138) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 3,629) | 3,627) | 3,627) | 3,626) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total debt | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 5,628) | 5,627) | 5,625) | 3,635) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 4,129) | 4,127) | 4,126) | 4,125) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | 77) | 74) | 74) | 74) | 75) | 70) | 67) | 73) | 73) | 74) | 74) | 81) | 87) | 88) | 90) | 93) | 97) | 97) | 96) | 94) | ||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 361) | 362) | 323) | 334) | 353) | 381) | 398) | 378) | 373) | 389) | 408) | 415) | 417) | 426) | 442) | 447) | 453) | 466) | 477) | 494) | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 6,648) | 6,636) | 6,563) | 6,563) | 6,056) | 6,078) | 6,090) | 4,086) | 4,080) | 4,096) | 4,113) | 4,126) | 4,633) | 4,641) | 4,658) | 4,665) | 4,673) | 4,685) | 4,693) | 4,707) | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 11,623) | 11,770) | 11,448) | 13,095) | 14,105) | 14,545) | 14,843) | 15,460) | 16,518) | 15,776) | 14,838) | 14,206) | 14,051) | 14,373) | 13,985) | 13,775) | 14,797) | 14,414) | 13,852) | 13,546) | ||||||
| Total capital (including operating lease liability) | 18,271) | 18,406) | 18,011) | 19,658) | 20,161) | 20,623) | 20,933) | 19,546) | 20,598) | 19,872) | 18,951) | 18,332) | 18,684) | 19,014) | 18,643) | 18,440) | 19,470) | 19,099) | 18,545) | 18,253) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to capital (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.49 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.33 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.37 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.88 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.82 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.41 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.45 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total capital (including operating lease liability)
= 6,648 ÷ 18,271 = 0.36
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The debt to capital ratio, including operating lease liability, exhibited a generally decreasing trend from March 2021 through November 2022, followed by a significant increase through November 2025. This indicates a shift in the company’s capital structure over the analyzed period.
- Initial Decreasing Trend (Mar 5, 2021 – Nov 29, 2022)
- From March 2021 to November 2022, the debt to capital ratio declined from 0.26 to 0.30, with fluctuations. The ratio initially decreased from 0.26 in March 2021 to 0.24 in September 2021, then experienced some volatility before reaching 0.25 in December 2021 and remaining around that level through December 2022. This suggests a period of relatively stable financial leverage, with a slight tendency towards reduced reliance on debt financing relative to capital.
- Significant Increase (Dec 2, 2022 – Nov 28, 2025)
- Beginning in December 2022, the debt to capital ratio began a pronounced upward trend. It increased from 0.20 in December 2022 to 0.36 in May 2025 and remained at 0.36 through November 2025. This substantial increase suggests the company has taken on more debt relative to its capital base, potentially to fund acquisitions, investments, or to return capital to shareholders. The increase is particularly notable between March 2023 (0.23) and May 2025 (0.36).
- Total Debt and Total Capital Movements
- Total debt, including operating lease liability, generally decreased from approximately US$4.7 billion in March 2021 to US$4.1 billion in December 2022. However, it then increased significantly to approximately US$6.6 billion by November 2025. Total capital also experienced fluctuations, decreasing from US$18.3 billion in December 2022 to US$18.0 billion in May 2025, before increasing to US$18.3 billion in November 2025. The larger proportional increase in debt compared to capital is the primary driver of the rising debt to capital ratio.
The observed changes in the debt to capital ratio warrant further investigation to understand the underlying reasons for the increased leverage and its potential implications for the company’s financial risk profile.
Debt to Assets
Adobe Inc., debt to assets calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, current portion | —) | —) | —) | —) | 1,499) | 1,499) | 1,498) | 1,497) | —) | —) | —) | —) | 500) | 500) | 499) | 499) | —) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Debt, excluding current portion | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 4,129) | 4,128) | 4,127) | 2,138) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 3,629) | 3,627) | 3,627) | 3,626) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total debt | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 5,628) | 5,627) | 5,625) | 3,635) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 4,129) | 4,127) | 4,126) | 4,125) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total assets | 29,496) | 28,754) | 28,107) | 29,955) | 30,230) | 29,830) | 30,007) | 28,751) | 29,779) | 29,090) | 27,838) | 26,667) | 27,165) | 26,744) | 26,326) | 25,976) | 27,241) | 26,144) | 25,582) | 24,985) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to assets1 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.52 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.38 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.62 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.36 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.25 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= 6,210 ÷ 29,496 = 0.21
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The debt-to-assets ratio for the analyzed period demonstrates a generally stable profile with a notable increase in recent quarters. Initially, the ratio fluctuated around 0.16 from March 2021 through June 2022. A gradual decline followed, reaching a low of 0.12 by December 2022 and remaining at that level through the first three quarters of 2023. However, beginning in March 2024, the ratio began to increase, accelerating through the subsequent quarters to reach 0.21 by November 2025.
- Initial Stability (Mar 2021 – Jun 2022)
- From March 2021 to June 2022, the debt-to-assets ratio remained consistently between 0.15 and 0.16. This indicates a relatively consistent capital structure during this period, with debt representing approximately 15-16% of total assets. The minimal fluctuation suggests a stable financing strategy.
- Downward Trend (Sep 2022 – Sep 2023)
- A downward trend in the ratio is observed from September 2022 through September 2023. The ratio decreased from 0.15 to 0.12, suggesting a reduction in relative debt levels compared to asset growth. This could be attributed to increased profitability leading to retained earnings, asset appreciation, or active debt reduction strategies.
- Recent Increase (Mar 2024 – Nov 2025)
- Starting in March 2024, the debt-to-assets ratio experienced a significant upward trend. The ratio rose from 0.13 to 0.21 over eight quarters. This indicates an increasing reliance on debt financing relative to the asset base. The most substantial increases occurred between May 2025 and November 2025. This shift warrants further investigation to understand the underlying reasons, such as significant acquisitions, increased investment in operations, or changes in financing policies.
- Magnitude of Change
- The overall change in the debt-to-assets ratio over the entire analyzed period is substantial. While initially stable, the ratio increased by approximately 0.05 from March 2021 (0.16) to November 2025 (0.21). This represents a roughly 31% increase in the proportion of assets financed by debt.
The observed increase in the debt-to-assets ratio in the latter part of the period suggests a potential shift in the company’s financial leverage. Continued monitoring of this ratio is recommended to assess the sustainability of this trend and its potential impact on financial risk.
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
Adobe Inc., debt to assets (including operating lease liability) calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, current portion | —) | —) | —) | —) | 1,499) | 1,499) | 1,498) | 1,497) | —) | —) | —) | —) | 500) | 500) | 499) | 499) | —) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Debt, excluding current portion | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 4,129) | 4,128) | 4,127) | 2,138) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 3,629) | 3,627) | 3,627) | 3,626) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Total debt | 6,210) | 6,200) | 6,166) | 6,155) | 5,628) | 5,627) | 5,625) | 3,635) | 3,634) | 3,633) | 3,631) | 3,630) | 4,129) | 4,127) | 4,126) | 4,125) | 4,123) | 4,122) | 4,120) | 4,119) | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | 77) | 74) | 74) | 74) | 75) | 70) | 67) | 73) | 73) | 74) | 74) | 81) | 87) | 88) | 90) | 93) | 97) | 97) | 96) | 94) | ||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 361) | 362) | 323) | 334) | 353) | 381) | 398) | 378) | 373) | 389) | 408) | 415) | 417) | 426) | 442) | 447) | 453) | 466) | 477) | 494) | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 6,648) | 6,636) | 6,563) | 6,563) | 6,056) | 6,078) | 6,090) | 4,086) | 4,080) | 4,096) | 4,113) | 4,126) | 4,633) | 4,641) | 4,658) | 4,665) | 4,673) | 4,685) | 4,693) | 4,707) | ||||||
| Total assets | 29,496) | 28,754) | 28,107) | 29,955) | 30,230) | 29,830) | 30,007) | 28,751) | 29,779) | 29,090) | 27,838) | 26,667) | 27,165) | 26,744) | 26,326) | 25,976) | 27,241) | 26,144) | 25,582) | 24,985) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to assets (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.41 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.41 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.27 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.62 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.39 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.29 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total assets
= 6,648 ÷ 29,496 = 0.23
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The debt-to-assets ratio, including operating lease liabilities, exhibited a generally decreasing trend from March 2021 through November 2022, followed by a notable increase through November 2025. This indicates a shift in the company’s financial leverage over the analyzed period.
- Initial Decreasing Trend (Mar 5, 2021 – Nov 29, 2022)
- From March 2021 to November 2022, the ratio declined from 0.19 to 0.17. This suggests a strengthening of the company’s financial position, as assets grew at a faster rate than total debt during this timeframe. The decrease, while consistent, was relatively gradual.
- Period of Stability (Dec 2, 2022 – Feb 28, 2025)
- The ratio remained relatively stable between 0.14 and 0.23 from December 2022 to February 2025. This suggests a period where debt and asset growth were more aligned, or where the company maintained a consistent capital structure.
- Subsequent Increasing Trend (Mar 1, 2024 – Nov 28, 2025)
- Beginning in March 2024, the ratio began to increase, reaching 0.23 by November 2025. This increase is primarily driven by a larger increase in total debt compared to total assets. The ratio increased from 0.14 in March 2023 to 0.23 in November 2025, representing a significant shift in the company’s leverage. The largest single increase occurred between May 31, 2024 and February 28, 2025.
- Magnitude of Change
- The overall change in the ratio over the entire period was substantial. Starting at 0.19 in March 2021 and ending at 0.23 in November 2025, the company experienced a notable increase in its debt relative to its assets. This suggests a potential increase in financial risk, depending on the company’s ability to service its debt obligations.
The observed fluctuations in the debt-to-assets ratio warrant further investigation into the underlying drivers of these changes, including specific debt issuances, asset acquisitions, and overall business performance. The recent increase in leverage should be monitored closely to assess its potential impact on the company’s long-term financial health.
Financial Leverage
Adobe Inc., financial leverage calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 29,496) | 28,754) | 28,107) | 29,955) | 30,230) | 29,830) | 30,007) | 28,751) | 29,779) | 29,090) | 27,838) | 26,667) | 27,165) | 26,744) | 26,326) | 25,976) | 27,241) | 26,144) | 25,582) | 24,985) | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 11,623) | 11,770) | 11,448) | 13,095) | 14,105) | 14,545) | 14,843) | 15,460) | 16,518) | 15,776) | 14,838) | 14,206) | 14,051) | 14,373) | 13,985) | 13,775) | 14,797) | 14,414) | 13,852) | 13,546) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leverage1 | 2.54 | 2.44 | 2.46 | 2.29 | 2.14 | 2.05 | 2.02 | 1.86 | 1.80 | 1.84 | 1.88 | 1.88 | 1.93 | 1.86 | 1.88 | 1.89 | 1.84 | 1.81 | 1.85 | 1.84 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 2.10 | 2.07 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 1.98 | 1.95 | 1.89 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 1.98 | 2.01 | 2.05 | 2.14 | 2.16 | 2.16 | 2.15 | 2.21 | 2.18 | 2.18 | 2.14 | ||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 4.30 | 5.11 | 9.92 | 5.39 | 5.80 | 6.47 | 6.92 | 4.27 | 4.57 | 3.61 | 3.12 | 3.07 | 3.08 | 3.11 | 3.06 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 1.85 | 1.90 | 1.89 | 1.92 | 2.01 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 1.67 | 1.74 | 1.77 | 1.76 | 1.87 | 1.83 | 1.66 | 1.59 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.64 | 1.57 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 2.65 | 2.55 | 2.52 | 2.70 | 2.88 | 2.87 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 3.43 | 3.40 | 3.39 | 3.48 | 3.53 | 3.48 | 3.47 | 3.39 | 3.14 | 2.15 | 2.04 | 2.02 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 1.76 | 1.82 | 2.06 | 2.13 | 1.76 | 1.83 | 1.88 | 1.94 | 1.96 | 2.01 | 2.08 | 2.13 | 2.17 | 2.18 | 2.26 | 2.29 | 2.29 | 2.27 | 2.32 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 5.24 | 5.40 | 5.42 | 5.02 | 5.49 | 5.57 | 5.90 | 6.00 | 5.60 | 5.96 | 6.19 | 5.80 | 6.27 | 6.57 | 7.00 | 6.98 | 6.49 | 6.69 | 6.95 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 1.88 | 1.82 | 1.77 | 1.83 | 1.74 | 1.68 | 1.76 | 1.68 | 1.61 | 1.64 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.69 | 1.53 | 1.57 | 1.58 | 1.65 | 1.85 | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 1.80 | 1.75 | 1.76 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 1.97 | 2.02 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 1.99 | 2.07 | 2.19 | 2.12 | 2.13 | 2.21 | 2.35 | 2.30 | 2.34 | 2.44 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 8.23 | 9.65 | 10.80 | 13.33 | 16.20 | 24.38 | 34.74 | 57.66 | 125.24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25.03 | 13.27 | 13.90 | 11.96 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.40 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 3.01 | 3.04 | 3.29 | 3.45 | 3.87 | 4.01 | 4.20 | 6.82 | 8.29 | 11.50 | 18.06 | 24.69 | 58.35 | 32.88 | 88.29 | 20.09 | 16.14 | 9.59 | 9.15 | 11.68 | ||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 1.68 | 1.56 | 1.60 | 1.61 | 1.67 | 1.57 | 1.59 | 1.63 | 1.69 | 1.55 | 1.57 | 1.58 | 1.64 | 1.53 | 1.60 | 1.52 | 1.60 | 1.47 | 1.50 | 1.55 | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 1.93 | 2.02 | 2.07 | 2.12 | 1.98 | 2.10 | 2.16 | 2.28 | 2.10 | 2.15 | 2.43 | 2.64 | 2.46 | 2.65 | 2.75 | 2.92 | 2.68 | 2.81 | 2.90 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 1.70 | 1.75 | 2.40 | 1.40 | 1.45 | 1.51 | 1.54 | 1.58 | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.68 | 1.70 | 1.71 | 1.66 | 1.66 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.64 | 1.64 | ||||||
| Workday Inc. | 1.99 | 1.90 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 2.04 | 2.10 | 2.19 | 2.23 | 2.41 | 2.29 | 2.58 | 2.68 | 2.31 | 2.24 | 2.36 | 2.53 | 2.66 | 2.55 | 2.64 | 2.78 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 29,496 ÷ 11,623 = 2.54
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial leverage ratio for the analyzed period demonstrates a generally increasing trend, indicating a growing reliance on debt financing relative to equity. Initially, the ratio fluctuated around 1.8x between March 2021 and December 2022. However, a noticeable upward trajectory began in early 2023 and continued through November 2025.
- Overall Trend
- From March 2021 to November 2025, the financial leverage ratio increased from 1.84 to 2.54. This represents a substantial increase in financial leverage over the observed period. The most significant increases occurred between May 2024 and November 2025, moving from 2.02 to 2.54.
- Initial Period (Mar 2021 – Dec 2022)
- During this timeframe, the ratio remained relatively stable, oscillating between 1.81 and 1.93. This suggests a consistent, moderate level of financial leverage. Minor fluctuations likely reflect routine financing activities and operational changes.
- Transition Period (Mar 2023 – Aug 2024)
- The ratio began a clear upward trend, increasing from 1.88 in March 2023 to 2.05 in August 2024. This indicates a deliberate or necessary shift towards increased debt financing. The rate of increase accelerated during this period.
- Recent Period (Nov 2024 – Nov 2025)
- The most pronounced increase in financial leverage occurred in this period, with the ratio rising from 2.14 in November 2024 to 2.54 in November 2025. This substantial increase warrants further investigation to understand the underlying drivers, such as significant acquisitions, share repurchases, or changes in capital structure. A slight decrease to 2.44 and 2.46 was observed in the following two periods, but the ratio remained elevated.
The observed trend suggests a growing dependence on debt to finance assets. While moderate leverage can be beneficial, the increasing ratio requires monitoring to assess potential risks associated with higher interest expenses and increased financial vulnerability.
Interest Coverage
Adobe Inc., interest coverage calculation (quarterly data)
| Nov 28, 2025 | Aug 29, 2025 | May 30, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 29, 2024 | Aug 30, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Mar 1, 2024 | Dec 1, 2023 | Sep 1, 2023 | Jun 2, 2023 | Mar 3, 2023 | Dec 2, 2022 | Sep 2, 2022 | Jun 3, 2022 | Mar 4, 2022 | Dec 3, 2021 | Sep 3, 2021 | Jun 4, 2021 | Mar 5, 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 1,856) | 1,772) | 1,691) | 1,811) | 1,683) | 1,684) | 1,573) | 620) | 1,483) | 1,403) | 1,295) | 1,247) | 1,176) | 1,136) | 1,178) | 1,266) | 1,233) | 1,212) | 1,116) | 1,261) | ||||||
| Add: Income tax expense | 408) | 415) | 410) | 371) | 308) | 358) | 357) | 348) | 325) | 340) | 355) | 351) | 341) | 320) | 314) | 277) | 235) | 206) | 270) | 172) | ||||||
| Add: Interest expense | 66) | 67) | 68) | 62) | 50) | 51) | 41) | 27) | 28) | 27) | 26) | 32) | 28) | 28) | 28) | 28) | 28) | 27) | 28) | 30) | ||||||
| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | 2,330) | 2,254) | 2,169) | 2,244) | 2,041) | 2,093) | 1,971) | 995) | 1,836) | 1,770) | 1,676) | 1,630) | 1,545) | 1,484) | 1,520) | 1,571) | 1,496) | 1,445) | 1,414) | 1,463) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest coverage1 | 34.21 | 35.26 | 37.00 | 40.93 | 42.01 | 46.90 | 53.43 | 58.12 | 61.17 | 58.59 | 55.57 | 53.27 | 54.64 | 54.21 | 54.34 | 53.39 | 51.49 | 49.52 | 45.92 | 42.50 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 45.94 | 57.86 | 80.38 | 135.71 | 165.48 | 175.20 | 175.18 | 168.23 | 193.31 | 220.23 | 212.89 | 217.31 | 195.34 | 188.01 | 133.08 | 133.32 | 131.46 | 126.89 | 196.99 | 191.96 | ||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 13.86 | 10.72 | 8.08 | 5.95 | 5.19 | 3.95 | 3.37 | 2.38 | 1.52 | 1.12 | 0.76 | -0.19 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 13.53 | 13.50 | 15.95 | 19.37 | 24.99 | 33.48 | 36.67 | 36.43 | 32.16 | 34.13 | 38.63 | 46.58 | 57.84 | 58.34 | 52.92 | 46.26 | 44.21 | 40.38 | 35.68 | ||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 3.07 | 7.50 | 9.33 | 7.64 | 5.77 | 1.41 | -1.80 | -4.04 | -5.31 | -4.72 | -4.71 | -5.09 | -5.34 | -6.41 | -8.16 | -12.40 | -55.36 | -151.33 | -185.47 | -226.03 | ||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | 12.47 | 15.42 | 22.90 | 29.85 | 37.27 | 33.23 | 24.08 | 10.56 | -1.85 | -5.72 | -4.15 | -1.30 | 0.81 | 1.72 | 1.24 | 0.12 | -0.48 | -0.44 | -0.18 | ||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 6.05 | 4.44 | 4.39 | 4.39 | 4.69 | 6.33 | 6.21 | 6.41 | 6.44 | 2.34 | 2.25 | 1.95 | 1.59 | 6.01 | 5.40 | 5.19 | 3.79 | 4.56 | 4.97 | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 20.57 | 18.45 | 16.48 | 15.76 | 15.67 | 15.74 | 14.07 | 13.20 | 13.05 | 14.66 | 16.17 | 19.99 | 32.38 | 55.36 | 62.71 | 93.29 | 89.14 | 92.00 | 89.58 | 120.30 | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 4.96 | 4.96 | 4.81 | 4.60 | 4.34 | 4.08 | 3.88 | 3.74 | 3.60 | 3.96 | 4.41 | 3.33 | 3.78 | 3.98 | 4.23 | 6.06 | 6.21 | 6.27 | 6.48 | 6.76 | ||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | 3,786.90 | 499.52 | 149.97 | 69.33 | 34.43 | -5.32 | -49.82 | -87.97 | -176.15 | -201.09 | -194.27 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 532.90 | 427.74 | 269.85 | 163.77 | 120.07 | 72.96 | 46.08 | 35.96 | 21.82 | 10.40 | 4.05 | -1.99 | -6.56 | -4.28 | -3.42 | -2.65 | -1.85 | -1.68 | -1.49 | -1.36 | ||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 4.12 | 5.50 | 11.64 | 31.24 | 44.06 | 78.90 | 174.76 | 852.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-11-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-05-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-11-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-01), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-05).
1 Q4 2025 Calculation
Interest coverage
= (EBITQ4 2025
+ EBITQ3 2025
+ EBITQ2 2025
+ EBITQ1 2025)
÷ (Interest expenseQ4 2025
+ Interest expenseQ3 2025
+ Interest expenseQ2 2025
+ Interest expenseQ1 2025)
= (2,330 + 2,254 + 2,169 + 2,244)
÷ (66 + 67 + 68 + 62)
= 34.21
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The interest coverage ratio for the analyzed period demonstrates a generally strong ability to meet interest obligations from earnings. However, a discernible downward trend emerges in the more recent quarters.
- Overall Trend
- From March 5, 2021, through December 2, 2022, the interest coverage ratio exhibited a consistent upward trajectory, increasing from 42.50 to 61.17. This indicates a strengthening capacity to cover interest expenses with operating income. However, beginning in March 3, 2023, the ratio began to decline.
- Recent Performance (March 2023 - November 2025)
- The period from March 3, 2023, to November 28, 2025, reveals a consistent, though gradual, decrease in the interest coverage ratio. It fell from 53.27 in March 2023 to 34.21 in November 2025. This decline coincides with an increase in interest expense, while EBIT experienced fluctuations.
- EBIT and Interest Expense Relationship
- While Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) generally remained robust throughout the analyzed period, the increase in interest expense appears to be the primary driver of the declining interest coverage ratio. EBIT peaked in September 2023 at 1,770 US$ millions, but subsequent quarters have shown variability. Interest expense increased steadily from 28 US$ millions to 66 US$ millions over the same timeframe.
- Notable Fluctuations
- A significant dip in the interest coverage ratio is observed in March 1, 2024, at 58.12, coinciding with a lower EBIT value of 995 US$ millions. The ratio then recovers somewhat, but the overall downward trend persists. The most recent values indicate a continued reduction in the ratio, reaching 34.21 in November 2025.
In conclusion, while the company maintained a substantial interest coverage ratio throughout the period, the recent decline warrants monitoring. The increasing interest expense, relative to EBIT, suggests a potential weakening in the ability to comfortably cover interest obligations if this trend continues.