Stock Analysis on Net

KLA Corp. (NASDAQ:KLAC)

Economic Value Added (EVA)

Microsoft Excel

Economic Profit

KLA Corp., economic profit calculation

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2020
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 3,852,307 3,284,868 3,464,285 3,432,493 2,157,964 1,310,622
Cost of capital2 17.08% 16.82% 16.60% 16.19% 16.71% 16.05%
Invested capital3 9,244,891 8,881,599 8,526,100 8,075,406 6,820,696 6,592,642
 
Economic profit4 2,273,090 1,790,650 2,048,917 2,124,732 1,018,384 252,600

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Cost of capital. See details »

3 Invested capital. See details »

4 2025 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= 3,852,30717.08% × 9,244,891 = 2,273,090


The financial data reveals several noteworthy trends regarding the company's operational efficiency, capital structure, and value creation over the examined periods.

Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
NOPAT demonstrates a strong upward trajectory from the initial period to the latest. Specifically, it increased significantly from approximately 1.31 billion USD to 3.85 billion USD over five years, reflecting improved profitability and possibly enhanced operational performance.
Cost of Capital
The cost of capital exhibits a slight but consistent rise over the periods, moving from 16.05% to 17.08%. This increase suggests a marginally higher required return on invested capital, which could be influenced by market conditions or changes in the company’s risk profile.
Invested Capital
Invested capital shows a steady increase over time, growing from roughly 6.59 billion USD to 9.24 billion USD. This growth indicates ongoing investments in the business, potentially through asset acquisitions, capital expenditures, or working capital increases.
Economic Profit
Economic profit presents significant growth initially, rising from approximately 253 million USD to over 2.12 billion USD, which indicates increasing value creation beyond capital costs. However, this metric experienced a slight decline after peaking around the middle periods before partially recovering in the latest period to about 2.27 billion USD. The fluctuations in economic profit, concurrent with rising cost of capital, may reflect changes in operational efficiency or investment returns.

Overall, the company appears to enhance its profitability and value creation capacity despite a modest increase in the cost of capital. The consistent growth in invested capital combined with rising NOPAT signals effective deployment of resources. Nonetheless, the slight variations in economic profit near the latter years merit further analysis to ensure sustained value generation above the cost of capital.


Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)

KLA Corp., NOPAT calculation

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2020
Net income attributable to KLA 4,061,643 2,761,896 3,387,277 3,321,807 2,078,292 1,216,785
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)1 (244,806) (138,878) (355,153) (353,780) (45,622) (93,342)
Increase (decrease) in allowance for credit losses2 1,233 (850) 13,001 2,595 6,214 (179)
Increase (decrease) in deferred system and service revenue3 (68,553) 537,235 237,683 339,621 1,648 78,266
Increase (decrease) in equity equivalents4 (312,126) 397,507 (104,469) (11,564) (37,760) (15,255)
Interest expense 302,166 311,253 296,940 160,339 157,328 160,274
Interest expense, operating lease liability5 8,283 8,149 5,793 2,476 1,690 1,988
Adjusted interest expense 310,449 319,402 302,733 162,815 159,018 162,262
Tax benefit of interest expense6 (65,194) (67,074) (63,574) (34,191) (33,394) (34,075)
Adjusted interest expense, after taxes7 245,255 252,327 239,159 128,624 125,624 128,187
(Gain) loss on marketable securities (59) 103 986 306 (253) (297)
Interest income (180,276) (160,688) (74,095) (8,695) (8,929) (21,646)
Investment income, before taxes (180,335) (160,585) (73,109) (8,389) (9,182) (21,943)
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income8 37,870 33,723 15,353 1,762 1,928 4,608
Investment income, after taxes9 (142,465) (126,862) (57,756) (6,627) (7,254) (17,335)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 74 253 (939) (1,760)
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) 3,852,307 3,284,868 3,464,285 3,432,493 2,157,964 1,310,622

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).

1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »

2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for credit losses.

3 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred system and service revenue.

4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income attributable to KLA.

5 2025 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= 204,025 × 4.06% = 8,283

6 2025 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= 310,449 × 21.00% = 65,194

7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income attributable to KLA.

8 2025 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= 180,335 × 21.00% = 37,870

9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.


The financial performance over the reviewed periods demonstrates notable fluctuations and growth patterns in key profitability metrics.

Net Income Attributable to KLA
The net income shows a strong upward trajectory from 1,216,785 thousand US dollars in mid-2020 to 3,381,277 thousand US dollars by mid-2023, indicating a substantial increase in profitability over the initial years. However, there is a decline in mid-2024 to 2,761,896 thousand US dollars, suggesting a temporary setback or increased expenses during this period. This is followed by a significant recovery and peak at 4,061,643 thousand US dollars in mid-2025, marking the highest profit level recorded in these periods.
Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
NOPAT trends closely follow the net income pattern, starting at 1,310,622 thousand US dollars in mid-2020 and rising steadily to 3,464,285 thousand US dollars by mid-2023. There is a minor decline to 3,284,868 thousand US dollars in mid-2024, aligning with the net income dip and possibly indicating operational challenges or market factors impacting earnings. By mid-2025, NOPAT recovers to 3,852,307 thousand US dollars, reflecting improved operational efficiency and profitability.

Overall, the data indicates robust growth in profitability over the five-year span with a minor interruption around mid-2024. The subsequent recovery in the latest period suggests resilience and effectiveness in addressing prior challenges.


Cash Operating Taxes

KLA Corp., cash operating taxes calculation

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2020
Provision for income taxes 582,805 428,136 401,839 167,177 283,101 101,686
Less: Deferred income tax expense (benefit) (244,806) (138,878) (355,153) (353,780) (45,622) (93,342)
Add: Tax savings from interest expense 65,194 67,074 63,574 34,191 33,394 34,075
Less: Tax imposed on investment income 37,870 33,723 15,353 1,762 1,928 4,608
Cash operating taxes 854,935 600,366 805,213 553,387 360,189 224,495

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).


The financial data reveals notable fluctuations in the taxation-related expenses over the analyzed periods.

Provision for Income Taxes

This item exhibits a generally increasing trend with some volatility. Starting from approximately 101.7 million USD in mid-2020, the provision saw a significant rise to 283.1 million USD by mid-2021. However, it then decreased to 167.2 million USD in mid-2022 before sharply increasing again to 401.8 million USD in mid-2023. The upward momentum continued, reaching 428.1 million USD in mid-2024 and further increasing to 582.8 million USD by mid-2025. Overall, there is a clear upward trajectory with a notable dip in the middle of the period.

Cash Operating Taxes

Cash operating taxes show a consistent and marked upward trend over the time horizon. Beginning at 224.5 million USD in mid-2020, the figure rose steadily to 360.2 million USD in mid-2021 and further climbed to 553.4 million USD by mid-2022. This increase continued substantially, reaching 805.2 million USD in mid-2023. A temporary decrease occurred in mid-2024 to 600.4 million USD, after which the amount surged again to a peak of 854.9 million USD by mid-2025. Despite the single-year decline in mid-2024, the overall pattern is one of significant growth in cash operating tax payments.

In summary, both provision for income taxes and cash operating taxes show increasing trends over the five-year period, indicative of either growth in taxable income, changes in tax rates, or adjustments in tax accounting. The volatility in the provision for income taxes suggests variability in anticipated tax expenses, while the cash operating taxes generally increase, reflecting the actual cash outflows related to tax payments with a minor temporary decline. These trends highlight growing fiscal obligations and possibly evolving tax strategies or financial conditions during the period analyzed.


Invested Capital

KLA Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2020
Short-term debt 20,000
Current portion of long-term debt 749,936
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 5,884,257 5,880,199 5,890,736 6,660,718 3,422,767 3,469,670
Operating lease liability1 204,025 189,508 172,396 113,587 103,061 99,879
Total reported debt & leases 6,088,282 6,819,643 6,063,132 6,774,305 3,545,828 3,569,549
Total KLA stockholders’ equity 4,692,453 3,368,328 2,919,753 1,401,351 3,377,554 2,665,424
Net deferred tax (assets) liabilities2 (658,825) (428,599) (287,654) 79,764 380,162 424,231
Allowance for credit losses3 34,015 32,782 33,632 20,631 18,036 11,822
Deferred system and service revenue4 1,713,689 1,782,242 1,245,007 1,007,324 667,703 666,055
Equity equivalents5 1,088,879 1,386,425 990,985 1,107,719 1,065,901 1,102,108
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax6 (1,201) 49,075 36,341 27,471 75,557 79,774
Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries (2,261) (1,912) 15,586
Adjusted total KLA stockholders’ equity 5,780,131 4,803,828 3,947,079 2,534,280 4,517,100 3,862,892
Construction-in-process7 (207,807) (215,006) (168,817) (110,079) (182,320) (93,736)
Marketable securities8 (2,415,715) (2,526,866) (1,315,294) (1,123,100) (1,059,912) (746,063)
Invested capital 9,244,891 8,881,599 8,526,100 8,075,406 6,820,696 6,592,642

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).

1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.

2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »

3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.

4 Addition of deferred system and service revenue.

5 Addition of equity equivalents to total KLA stockholders’ equity.

6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.

7 Subtraction of construction-in-process.

8 Subtraction of marketable securities.


The annual financial data reveals several notable trends in the company's capital structure from 2020 to the projected figures in 2025.

Total Reported Debt & Leases
The total reported debt and leases showed some volatility over the period analyzed. Initially, the debt level was approximately $3.57 billion in mid-2020, slightly decreasing to around $3.55 billion in mid-2021. Subsequently, there was a marked increase, with debt nearly doubling to about $6.77 billion by mid-2022. This peak was followed by a decline to approximately $6.06 billion in mid-2023. The debt rose again to an estimated $6.82 billion in mid-2024 before decreasing to roughly $6.09 billion by mid-2025. Overall, the company's debt levels experienced significant fluctuations, suggesting adjustments in financing strategy or capital needs during this period.
Total KLA Stockholders’ Equity
Stockholders’ equity grew from approximately $2.67 billion in mid-2020 to a peak near $3.38 billion in mid-2021. However, it then sharply declined to about $1.40 billion by mid-2022. This sudden drop contrasts with a recovery trend starting in mid-2023, when equity climbed back to nearly $2.92 billion, rising further to approximately $3.37 billion in mid-2024 and ultimately reaching an estimated $4.69 billion in mid-2025. This pattern indicates a strong rebound in equity after a significant contraction, possibly due to operational results, capital injections, or asset revaluations during this timeframe.
Invested Capital
Invested capital shows a consistent upward trend throughout the period examined. Starting at about $6.59 billion in mid-2020, it increased steadily each year to reach an estimated $9.24 billion by mid-2025. This gradual rise suggests ongoing investments in the business's productive assets, reflecting growth initiatives or expansion strategies employed by the company.

In summary, while invested capital demonstrated steady growth, the capital structure evidenced by debt and equity components experienced significant variability. The fluctuations in debt and equity, particularly the sharp decline and subsequent recovery in stockholders’ equity, signal dynamic financial management possibly responding to external conditions or strategic shifts. The overall increase in invested capital alongside these changes implies that the company is actively managing its financial resources to support its operations and growth outlook over the medium term.


Cost of Capital

KLA Corp., cost of capital calculations

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 120,718,261 120,718,261 ÷ 126,462,286 = 0.95 0.95 × 17.72% = 16.92%
Debt3 5,540,000 5,540,000 ÷ 126,462,286 = 0.04 0.04 × 4.67% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.16%
Operating lease liability4 204,025 204,025 ÷ 126,462,286 = 0.00 0.00 × 4.06% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.01%
Total: 126,462,286 1.00 17.08%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 94,565,314 94,565,314 ÷ 101,014,822 = 0.94 0.94 × 17.72% = 16.59%
Debt3 6,260,000 6,260,000 ÷ 101,014,822 = 0.06 0.06 × 4.67% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.23%
Operating lease liability4 189,508 189,508 ÷ 101,014,822 = 0.00 0.00 × 4.30% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.01%
Total: 101,014,822 1.00 16.82%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 67,877,415 67,877,415 ÷ 73,739,811 = 0.92 0.92 × 17.72% = 16.31%
Debt3 5,690,000 5,690,000 ÷ 73,739,811 = 0.08 0.08 × 4.64% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.28%
Operating lease liability4 172,396 172,396 ÷ 73,739,811 = 0.00 0.00 × 3.36% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.01%
Total: 73,739,811 1.00 16.60%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 56,117,426 56,117,426 ÷ 62,896,013 = 0.89 0.89 × 17.72% = 15.81%
Debt3 6,665,000 6,665,000 ÷ 62,896,013 = 0.11 0.11 × 4.55% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.38%
Operating lease liability4 113,587 113,587 ÷ 62,896,013 = 0.00 0.00 × 2.18% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.00%
Total: 62,896,013 1.00 16.19%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 53,969,674 53,969,674 ÷ 58,072,735 = 0.93 0.93 × 17.72% = 16.47%
Debt3 4,000,000 4,000,000 ÷ 58,072,735 = 0.07 0.07 × 4.36% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.24%
Operating lease liability4 103,061 103,061 ÷ 58,072,735 = 0.00 0.00 × 1.64% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.00%
Total: 58,072,735 1.00 16.71%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 31,535,354 31,535,354 ÷ 35,695,233 = 0.88 0.88 × 17.72% = 15.66%
Debt3 4,060,000 4,060,000 ÷ 35,695,233 = 0.11 0.11 × 4.33% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.39%
Operating lease liability4 99,879 99,879 ÷ 35,695,233 = 0.00 0.00 × 1.99% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.00%
Total: 35,695,233 1.00 16.05%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »


Economic Spread Ratio

KLA Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2020
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Economic profit1 2,273,090 1,790,650 2,048,917 2,124,732 1,018,384 252,600
Invested capital2 9,244,891 8,881,599 8,526,100 8,075,406 6,820,696 6,592,642
Performance Ratio
Economic spread ratio3 24.59% 20.16% 24.03% 26.31% 14.93% 3.83%
Benchmarks
Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4
Advanced Micro Devices Inc. -20.48% -21.91% -21.60% 35.09% 8.84%
Analog Devices Inc. -12.64% -8.55% -9.92% -13.17% -8.17%
Applied Materials Inc. 8.49% 16.40% 26.31% 21.82% 10.07%
Broadcom Inc. -7.69% 7.54% 6.11% -3.19% -8.62%
Intel Corp. -25.87% -14.88% -8.37% 8.68% 14.30%
Lam Research Corp. 17.79% 2.60% 7.91% 22.82% 18.18% 2.31%
Micron Technology Inc. -2.92% -14.96% -27.04% 0.73% -3.83% -9.37%
NVIDIA Corp. 122.63% 67.17% -10.99% 31.21% 11.65% -2.36%
Qualcomm Inc. 15.20% 10.40% 2.82% 29.26% 26.67% 11.71%
Texas Instruments Inc. 5.39% 15.02% 35.67% 34.29% 29.44%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 Invested capital. See details »

3 2025 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 2,273,090 ÷ 9,244,891 = 24.59%

4 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The financial data reveals notable trends in the performance and capital efficiency over the observed periods.

Economic Profit
Economic profit exhibited a strong upward trajectory from 2020 to 2022, increasing from approximately 253 million to over 2.1 billion US dollars. This marks a significant enhancement in value creation. Although a slight decline is observed in 2023 and 2024, with values around 2.0 billion and 1.79 billion respectively, the economic profit recovers strongly by 2025, reaching roughly 2.27 billion US dollars, indicating resilience and potential strategic adjustments contributing to value generation.
Invested Capital
Invested capital steadily increased through the period, starting from about 6.6 billion US dollars in 2020 and rising each year to reach approximately 9.25 billion US dollars by 2025. This consistent growth suggests ongoing investments to support business operations and expansion, reflecting a long-term commitment to capital deployment.
Economic Spread Ratio
The economic spread ratio demonstrated a marked improvement, moving from a relatively low 3.83% in 2020 to a peak of 26.31% in 2022. Despite a subsequent dip to 20.16% in 2024, the ratio recovers to 24.59% in 2025. This pattern indicates enhanced efficiency in the use of invested capital to generate returns above the cost of capital, although some volatility is present in the mid-period years.

Overall, the data indicates a company focused on increasing economic profit and invested capital, with a clear improvement in capital efficiency as shown by the economic spread ratio. Despite some fluctuations in economic profit and spread ratio, the general trend reflects effective value creation and solid capital management strategies over the fiscal years reviewed.


Economic Profit Margin

KLA Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2020
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Economic profit1 2,273,090 1,790,650 2,048,917 2,124,732 1,018,384 252,600
 
Revenues 12,156,162 9,812,247 10,496,056 9,211,883 6,918,734 5,806,424
Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred system and service revenue (68,553) 537,235 237,683 339,621 1,648 78,266
Adjusted revenues 12,087,609 10,349,482 10,733,739 9,551,504 6,920,382 5,884,690
Performance Ratio
Economic profit margin2 18.81% 17.30% 19.09% 22.25% 14.72% 4.29%
Benchmarks
Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3
Advanced Micro Devices Inc. -46.26% -55.91% -53.56% 13.23% 3.95%
Analog Devices Inc. -58.35% -30.72% -37.16% -84.63% -26.55%
Applied Materials Inc. 6.92% 10.99% 15.19% 13.92% 7.66%
Broadcom Inc. -21.02% 13.19% 11.42% -7.52% -23.77%
Intel Corp. -44.96% -25.28% -11.77% 9.72% 15.05%
Lam Research Corp. 14.87% 2.64% 6.95% 16.84% 14.67% 2.68%
Micron Technology Inc. -4.78% -31.78% -93.03% 1.25% -6.40% -18.49%
NVIDIA Corp. 44.41% 33.91% -8.69% 20.92% 9.11% -3.06%
Qualcomm Inc. 10.74% 8.24% 2.48% 19.49% 16.06% 8.84%
Texas Instruments Inc. 9.02% 19.37% 31.28% 30.67% 26.39%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 2025 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × 2,273,090 ÷ 12,087,609 = 18.81%

3 Click competitor name to see calculations.


Economic Profit
Economic profit demonstrated significant growth from 252.6 million USD in mid-2020 to over 2.27 billion USD by mid-2025. After a sharp increase between 2020 and 2022, economic profit slightly declined in 2023 and 2024 before recovering strongly in 2025, maintaining an overall upward trajectory.
Adjusted Revenues
Adjusted revenues showed a consistent upward trend across the observed periods, rising from approximately 5.88 billion USD in 2020 to nearly 12.09 billion USD in 2025. This growth was steady, with a slight dip in 2024, followed by a notable increase in 2025.
Economic Profit Margin
The economic profit margin increased markedly from 4.29% in 2020 to a peak of 22.25% in 2022. Subsequently, the margin decreased to 17.3% by 2024 but experienced a moderate recovery to 18.81% in 2025. Despite some fluctuations, the margin remained significantly higher than the initial period, indicating improved profitability relative to revenues.
Summary Insights
The data exhibits strong growth in both economic profit and adjusted revenues over the evaluated years, with economic profit margins reflecting improved profit efficiency despite some volatility. The temporary declines in profit margin and economic profit during 2023 and 2024 suggest potential operational or market challenges, though the recovery in 2025 indicates resilience and the potential for continued profitability improvement.