Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

Oracle Corp. (NYSE:ORCL)

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Economic Value Added (EVA)

Microsoft Excel

EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.

Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.

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Economic Profit

Oracle Corp., economic profit calculation

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: May 31, 2024 May 31, 2023 May 31, 2022 May 31, 2021 May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1
Cost of capital2
Invested capital3
 
Economic profit4

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Cost of capital. See details »

3 Invested capital. See details »

4 2024 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =

Item Description The company
Economic profit Economic profit is a measure of corporate performance computed by taking the spread between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, and multiplying by the invested capital. Oracle Corp. economic profit decreased from 2022 to 2023 but then increased from 2023 to 2024 exceeding 2022 level.

Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)

Oracle Corp., NOPAT calculation

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: May 31, 2024 May 31, 2023 May 31, 2022 May 31, 2021 May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
Net income
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)1
Increase (decrease) in allowances for credit losses2
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues3
Increase (decrease) in restructuring plans accrued4
Increase (decrease) in equity equivalents5
Interest expense
Interest expense, operating lease liability6
Adjusted interest expense
Tax benefit of interest expense7
Adjusted interest expense, after taxes8
Interest income
Investment income, before taxes
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income9
Investment income, after taxes10
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »

2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowances for credit losses.

3 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred revenues.

4 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring plans accrued.

5 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.

6 2024 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =

7 2024 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =

8 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.

9 2024 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =

10 Elimination of after taxes investment income.

Item Description The company
NOPAT Net operating profit after taxes is income from operations, but after removement of taxes calculated on cash basis that are relevant to operating income. Oracle Corp. NOPAT increased from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024.

Cash Operating Taxes

Oracle Corp., cash operating taxes calculation

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: May 31, 2024 May 31, 2023 May 31, 2022 May 31, 2021 May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Less: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Add: Tax savings from interest expense
Less: Tax imposed on investment income
Cash operating taxes

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

Item Description The company
Cash operating taxes Cash operating taxes are estimated by adjusting income tax expense for changes in deferred taxes and tax benefit from the interest deduction. Oracle Corp. cash operating taxes increased from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024.

Invested Capital

Oracle Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
May 31, 2024 May 31, 2023 May 31, 2022 May 31, 2021 May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
Notes payable and other borrowings, current
Notes payable and other borrowings, non-current
Operating lease liability1
Total reported debt & leases
Total Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Net deferred tax (assets) liabilities2
Allowances for credit losses3
Deferred revenues4
Restructuring plans accrued5
Equity equivalents6
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax7
Noncontrolling interests
Adjusted total Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Construction in progress8
Marketable securities9
Invested capital

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.

2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »

3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.

4 Addition of deferred revenues.

5 Addition of restructuring plans accrued.

6 Addition of equity equivalents to total Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity (deficit).

7 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.

8 Subtraction of construction in progress.

9 Subtraction of marketable securities.

Item Description The company
Invested capital Capital is an approximation of the economic book value of all cash invested in going-concern business activities. Oracle Corp. invested capital increased from 2022 to 2023 and from 2023 to 2024.

Cost of Capital

Oracle Corp., cost of capital calculations

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Borrowings3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Borrowings. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Borrowings3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Borrowings. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Borrowings3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Borrowings. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Borrowings3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Borrowings. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Borrowings3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Borrowings. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Borrowings3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Borrowings. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Economic Spread Ratio

Oracle Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
May 31, 2024 May 31, 2023 May 31, 2022 May 31, 2021 May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Economic profit1
Invested capital2
Performance Ratio
Economic spread ratio3
Benchmarks
Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4
Accenture PLC
Adobe Inc.
Autodesk Inc.
Cadence Design Systems Inc.
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc.
International Business Machines Corp.
Intuit Inc.
Microsoft Corp.
Palantir Technologies Inc.
Palo Alto Networks Inc.
Salesforce Inc.
ServiceNow Inc.
Synopsys Inc.

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 Invested capital. See details »

3 2024 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =

4 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Performance ratio Description The company
Economic spread ratio The ratio of economic profit to invested capital, also equal to the difference between return on invested capital (ROIC) and cost of capital. Oracle Corp. economic spread ratio deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then improved from 2023 to 2024 exceeding 2022 level.

Economic Profit Margin

Oracle Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
May 31, 2024 May 31, 2023 May 31, 2022 May 31, 2021 May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Economic profit1
 
Revenues
Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues
Adjusted revenues
Performance Ratio
Economic profit margin2
Benchmarks
Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3
Accenture PLC
Adobe Inc.
Autodesk Inc.
Cadence Design Systems Inc.
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc.
International Business Machines Corp.
Intuit Inc.
Microsoft Corp.
Palantir Technologies Inc.
Palo Alto Networks Inc.
Salesforce Inc.
ServiceNow Inc.
Synopsys Inc.

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-05-31).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 2024 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × ÷ =

3 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Performance ratio Description The company
Economic profit margin The ratio of economic profit to sales. It is the company profit margin covering income efficiency and asset management. Economic profit margin is not biased in favor of capital-intensive business models, because any added capital is a cost to the economic profit margin. Oracle Corp. economic profit margin deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 but then improved from 2023 to 2024 exceeding 2022 level.